站立的问题：中央情报局的历史（真/零售EPUB）

English | August 25th, 2022 | ISBN: 0192847961 | 320 pages | True EPUB | 0.58 MB

A Question of Standing deals with recognizable events that have shaped the history of the first 75 years of the CIA. Unsparing in its accounts of dirty tricks and their consequences, it values the agency's intelligence and analysis work to offer balanced judgements that avoid both celebration and condemnation of the CIA.

The mission of the CIA, derived from U-1 in World War I more than from World War II's OSS, has always been intelligence. Seventy-five years ago, in the year of its creation, the National Security Act gave the agency, uniquely in world history up to that point, a democratic mandate to pursue that mission of intelligence. It gave the CIA a special standing in the conduct of US foreign relations. That standing diminished when successive American presidents ordered the CIA to exceed its original mission. When they tasked the agency secretly to overthrow democratic governments, the United States lost its international standing, and its command of a majority in the United Nations General Assembly. Such dubious operations, even the government's embrace of assassination and torture, did not diminish the standing of the CIA in US public opinion. However, domestic interventions did. CIA spying on domestic protesters led to tighter congressional oversight from the 1970s on.

The chapters in A Question of Standing offer a balanced narrative and perspective on recognizable episodes in the CIA's history. They include the Bay of Pigs invasion, the War on Terror, 9/11, the weapons of mass destruction deception, the Iran estimate of 2007, the assassination of Osama bin Laden, and Fake News. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 diminished the CIA and is construed as having been the right solution undertaken for the wrong reasons, reasons that grew out of political opportunism. The book also defends the CIA's exposure of foreign meddling in US elections.

英文|2022年8月25日|ISBN:0192847961|320页|True EPUB | 0.58 MB《地位问题》探讨了塑造中央情报局前75年历史的可识别事件。它对肮脏伎俩及其后果的描述毫不留情，重视该机构的情报和分析工作，以提供平衡的判断，避免对中央情报局的庆祝和谴责。 中央情报局的使命一直是情报，它源于第一次世界大战中的U-1，而不是第二次世界大战的OSS。75年前，在该机构成立的那一年，《国家安全法》赋予了该机构一项民主授权，以履行其情报使命，这在当时的世界历史上是独一无二的。它赋予了中央情报局在处理美国外交关系中的特殊地位。当连续几任美国总统命令中央情报局超越其最初的使命时，这种地位就降低了。当他们秘密委托该机构推翻民主政府时，美国失去了国际地位，也失去了在联合国大会中的多数席位。这种可疑的行动，甚至政府对暗杀和酷刑的支持，都没有削弱中央情报局在美国公众舆论中的地位。然而，国内干预确实如此。从20世纪70年代开始，中央情报局对国内抗议者的间谍活动导致国会加强了监督。 《站立的问题》中的章节对中央情报局历史上可识别的事件提供了平衡的叙述和视角。其中包括猪湾入侵、反恐战争、9/11、大规模杀伤性武器欺骗、伊朗2007年的估计、奥萨马·本·拉登遇刺和假新闻。2004年的《情报改革和预防恐怖主义法》削弱了中央情报局，被认为是出于错误原因而采取的正确解决方案，这些原因源于政治机会主义。这本书还为中央情报局揭露外国干预美国选举的行为辩护。

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