重塑自然：二十一世纪的科学、技术和人类价值观（True/Retail EPUB）

English | September 24th, 2019 | ISBN: 0817320296 | 408 pages | True EPUB | 3.70 MB

An exploration of the moral and ethical implications of new biotechnologies

Many of the ethical issues raised by new technologies have not been widely examined, discussed, or indeed settled. For example, robotics technology challenges the notion of personhood. Should a robot, capable of making what humans would call ethical decisions, be held responsible for those decisions and the resultant actions? Should society reward and punish robots in the same way that it does humans? Likewise, issues of safety, environmental concerns, and distributive justice arise with the increasing acceptance of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food production nanotechnology in engineering and medicine, and human gene therapy and enhancement. The problem of dual-use—when a technology can be used both to benefit and to harm—exists with virtually all new technologies but is central in the context of emerging 21st century technologies ranging from artificial intelligence and robotics to human gene-editing and brain-computer interfacing.

In Re-Creating Nature: Science, Technology, and Human Values in the Twenty-First Century, James T. Bradley addresses emerging biotechnologies with prodigious potential to benefit humankind but that are also fraught with ethical consequences. Some actually possess the power to directly alter the evolution of life on earth including human. Specifically, these topics include stem cells, synthetic biology, GMOs in agriculture, nanotechnology, bioterrorism, CRISPR gene-editing technology, three-parent babies, robotics and roboethics, artificial intelligence, and human brain research and neurotechnologies.

Offering clear explanations of these various technologies, a pragmatic presentation of the conundrums involved, and questions that illuminate hypothetical situations, Bradley guides discussions of these and other thorny issues resulting from the development of new biotechnologies. He also highlights the responsibilities of scientists to conduct research in an ethical manner and the responsibilities of nonscientists to become "science literate" in the twenty-first century.

英文| 2019年9月24日|国际标准图书编号：0817320296 | 408页|真EPUB | 3.70 MB 探索新生物技术的道德和伦理含义 新技术引发的许多伦理问题尚未得到广泛的研究、讨论或解决。例如，机器人技术挑战了人格的概念。一个能够做出人类所谓的道德决策的机器人，是否应该对这些决策和由此产生的行为负责？社会应该像对待人类一样奖励和惩罚机器人吗？同样，随着转基因生物（GMO）在食品生产、工程和医学纳米技术以及人类基因治疗和增强中的日益被接受，安全、环境问题和分配正义问题也随之出现。两用问题——当一项技术既可以用于造福也可以用于伤害——几乎存在于所有新技术中，但在从人工智能和机器人技术到人类基因编辑和脑机接口等21世纪新兴技术的背景下，它是核心问题。 在《重建自然：二十一世纪的科学、技术和人类价值观》一书中，詹姆斯·T·布拉德利谈到了新兴的生物技术，这些技术具有巨大的造福人类的潜力，但也充满了伦理后果。有些人实际上拥有直接改变地球上生命进化的力量，包括人类。具体而言，这些主题包括干细胞、合成生物学、农业中的转基因生物、纳米技术、生物恐怖主义、CRISPR基因编辑技术、三亲婴儿、机器人和机器人伦理学、人工智能以及人脑研究和神经技术。 布拉德利对这些不同的技术进行了清晰的解释，对所涉及的难题进行了务实的介绍，并提出了阐明假设情况的问题，他指导了对这些问题以及新生物技术发展带来的其他棘手问题的讨论。他还强调了科学家以道德方式进行研究的责任，以及非科学家在二十一世纪成为“科学素养”的责任。

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