煤炭时代：1750年至今的欧洲历史
In Europe, coal was by far the most important source of energy from the beginning of industrialisation until well after the Second World War. It was indispensable in shaping the modern world, and in altering our understanding of time and space. Used foundationally in organic chemistry, coal helped to create the multitude of colours, medicines, and man-made products which still shape our daily lives. Without coal, the First and Second World Wars would have looked very different, and in the peace conferences after both wars, the control of this resource was of central importance. At its height, coal mining in Europe employed almost two and a half million people, mostly men, who had often migrated over vast distances to find work in this booming industry, despite the difficulties and dangers. As a result of the capitalist model of the industry, mining saw significant labour organization and strikes. The use of coal, however, created environmental problems. During and after industrialisation, the demand for energy multiplied, and coal was the only resource that could satisfy this increasing demand, despite the high levels of CO2 emission. In contemporary society, world-wide attempts are being made to reduce these emissions, but while in Europe, coal mining and use has declined, world-wide its production and consumption have reached new heights. Even in Europe, coal's major legacy persists: society's dependence on vast amounts of easily available, transportable, and affordable energy. Franz-Josef Brüggemeier uses modern Europe's reliance on coal to tell a wide-ranging story of how energy can shape a society.
英文|2024|ISBN:0192896938|379页|真PDF | 17.05 MB 在欧洲，从工业化开始到第二次世界大战结束，煤炭是迄今为止最重要的能源。它在塑造现代世界和改变我们对时间和空间的理解方面是不可或缺的。煤是有机化学的基础，它帮助创造了大量的颜色、药物和人造产品，这些产品仍然塑造着我们的日常生活。如果没有煤炭，第一次和第二次世界大战看起来会大不相同，在两次战争后的和平会议上，对这种资源的控制至关重要。在鼎盛时期，欧洲的煤矿业雇佣了近250万人，其中大多数是男性，尽管困难和危险重重，但他们经常长途跋涉到这个蓬勃发展的行业寻找工作。由于该行业的资本主义模式，采矿业出现了大量的劳工组织和罢工。煤炭的使用，howev本站不对文件进行储存，仅提供文件链接，请自行下载，本站不对文件内容负责，请自行判断文件是否安全，如发现文件有侵权行为，请联系管理员删除。
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