塑料资本主义：银行、信用卡和金融控制的终结

English | May 21st, 2024 | ISBN: 0300247346 | 416 pages | True EPUB | 2.36 MB

How bankers created the modern consumer credit economy and destroyed financial stability in the process

American households are awash in expensive credit card debt. But where did all this debt come from? In this history of the rise of postwar American finance, Sean H. Vanatta shows how bankers created our credit card economy and, with it, the indebted nation we know today.

America's consumer debt machine was not inevitable. In the years after World War II, state and federal regulations ensured that many Americans enjoyed safe banks and inexpensive credit. Bankers, though, grew restless amid restrictive rules that made profits scarce. They experimented with new services and new technologies. They settled on credit cards, and in the 1960s mailed out reams of high-interest plastic to build a debt industry from scratch.

In the 1960s and '70s consumers fought back, using federal and state policy to make credit cards safer and more affordable. But bankers found ways to work around local rules. Beginning in 1980, Citibank and its peers relocated their card plans to South Dakota and Delaware, states with the weakest consumer regulations, creating "on-shore" financial havens and drawing consumers into an exploitative credit economy over which they had little control. We live in the world these bankers made.

中文| 2024年5月21日|国际标准图书编号：0300247346 | 416页|真正的EPUB | 2.36 MB 银行家如何创造现代消费信贷经济并在此过程中破坏金融稳定 美国家庭充斥着昂贵的信用卡债务。但这些债务是从哪里来的？在这部战后美国金融崛起的历史中，肖恩·H·瓦纳塔展示了银行家如何创造了我们的信用卡经济，以及我们今天所知道的负债国家。 美国的消费者债务机器并非不可避免。在第二次世界大战后的几年里，州和联邦法规确保了许多美国人享有安全的银行和廉价的信贷。然而，银行家们在利润稀缺的限制性规定中变得焦躁不安。他们尝试了新服务和新技术。他们选择了信用卡，并在20世纪60年代邮寄了大量高利息塑料，从头开始建立债务行业。 在20世纪60年代和70年代，消费者进行了反击，利用联邦和州政策使信用卡更安全、更实惠。但银行家们找到了绕过当地规则的方法。从1980年开始，花旗银行及其同行将他们的卡计划转移到南达科他州和特拉华州，这两个州的消费者监管最为薄弱，创造了“在岸”金融避风港，并将消费者吸引到他们几乎无法控制的剥削性信贷经济中。我们生活在这些银行家创造的世界里。

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