确定性陷阱：为什么我们需要更多地质疑自己，以及如何减少对他人的评判

English | 2024 | ISBN: 1634312562 | 248 pages | True EPUB | 5.71 MB

When we’re in the Certainty Trap, we tend to view people who disagree with us as hateful, ignorant, or just plain stupid. When it comes to heated social and political issues in particular, many of us know this feeling well—a consuming state of righteous indignation and moral outrage. And this response makes sense because our very certainty tells us that there are simple and obvious causes and solutions to the hot-button issues we care about most. But the things we care about the most are—far more often than not—morally and ethically complex. If the problems that divide us are inherently complicated, then a sense that the answers are obvious—and that anyone who disagrees must be deficient in some way—is misplaced. It’s an oversimplification that both leads to and reflects faulty thinking. When we’re certain, we not only fail to recognize the possibility that we’re wrong but also fail to be clear about the principles and values that drive our disagreement in the first place. By committing to challenging and clarifying our thinking—by avoiding the trap certainty sets for us—we can increase social trust, reduce political polarization, and better address the world’s pressing challenges.

英语|2024|ISBN:1634312562|248页|True EPUB | 5.71 MB当我们陷入确定性陷阱时，我们倾向于认为与我们意见相左的人是可恨的、无知的，或者只是愚蠢的。特别是当涉及到激烈的社会和政治问题时，我们中的许多人都很清楚这种感觉——一种义愤填膺和道德义愤填膺的消费状态。这种反应是有意义的，因为我们非常确定地告诉我们，对于我们最关心的热点问题，有简单而明显的原因和解决方案。但我们最关心的事情在道德和伦理上往往是复杂的。如果分裂我们的问题本质上是复杂的，那么认为答案是显而易见的——任何不同意的人一定在某种程度上是有缺陷的——这种感觉是错误的。这是一种过度简化，既导致又反映了错误的思维。当我们确信无疑时，我们不仅没有认识到自己错了的可能性，而且也没有清楚最初导致分歧的原则和价值观。通过致力于挑战和澄清我们的思维——通过避免确定性为我们设置的陷阱——我们可以增加社会信任，减少政治两极分化，更好地应对世界紧迫的挑战。

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