重新思考平等机会

English | 180 pages | Rowman & Littlefield Publishers (March 26, 2024) | 1538191059 | PDF | 7 Mb

This book explores equal opportunity—more accurately “fair equality of opportunity”—as a norm that commands at least casual consent from many U.S. citizens. If we could agree what fair equality of opportunity actually requires, this shared conception could offer a collective normative principle and disposition to advance current policies, practices, institutions, and interpersonal behavior, leading to a more just society.

Even if our collective consent to equal opportunity is devoid of much substance, it forms a shaky platform for a more thoughtful exploration and deliberation of what equal opportunity requires of us individually and collectively. This book offers a substantive concept, principle, and disposition that can guide our thinking about justice and rescue us from an empty cliché. It proposes meaningful content for equal opportunity as a morally, socially, politically, and science-informed conception.

The “how” of equal opportunity requires that society—its structures, its associations, and its individual citizens—foster the capability of persons to become qualified to pursue a variety of outcomes they may choose. The absence of prejudice irrelevant to qualifications in making appointments to positions at some starting line is required but insufficient. Equality of opportunity calls for many renewals by society throughout the lives of its participants, which includes new possibilities for persons disabled or incarcerated and for all persons as they age.

英文| 180页| Rowman&Littlefield Publishers（2024年3月26日）| 1538191059 | PDF | 7 Mb这本书探讨了机会平等——更准确地说是“公平的机会平等”——作为一种至少能得到许多美国公民随意同意的规范。如果我们能够就公平机会平等的实际要求达成一致，这种共同的概念可以提供一种集体的规范原则和倾向，以推进当前的政策、实践、制度和人际行为，从而建立一个更加公正的社会。 即使我们对机会平等的集体同意缺乏实质内容，它也为更深入地探索和审议机会平等对我们个人和集体的要求提供了一个不稳定的平台。这本书提供了一个实质性的概念、原则和倾向，可以指导我们对正义的思考，并将我们从空洞的陈词滥调中拯救出来。它为平等机会作为一个道德、社会、政治和科学知情的概念提出了有意义的内容。 机会平等的“方式”要求社会——其结构、协会和公民个人——培养人们有资格追求他们可能选择的各种结果的能力。在任命某些起点职位时，不存在与资格无关的偏见是必要的，但这还不够。机会平等要求社会在参与者的一生中进行多次更新，包括为残疾人或被监禁者以及所有老年人提供新的可能性。

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