苏联秘密警察的诞生：列宁与历史上的最大骗局，1917-1927

Boris Volodarsky | 2023 | ISBN: 1526792257 | English | 376 pages | ePUB | 16 MB

Series: A New History of the KGB

Explores the formation of the precursor to the infamous KGB in the period after the Russian Revolution.

This book is new in every aspect and not only because neither the official history nor an unofficial history of the KGB, and its many predecessors and successors, exists in any language. In this volume, the author deals with the origins of the KGB from the Tsarist Okhrana (the first Russians secret political police) to the OGPU, Joint State Political Directorate, one of the KGB predecessors between 1923 and 1934. Based on documents from the Russian archives, the author clearly demonstrates that the Cheka and GPU/OPGU were initially created to defend the revolution and not for espionage.

The Okhrana operated in both the Russian Empire and abroad against the revolutionaries and most of its operations, presented in this book, are little known. The same is the case with regards to the period after the Cheka was established in December 1917 until ten years later when Trotsky was expelled from the Communist Party and exiled, and Stalin rose to power. For the long period after the Revolution and up to the Second World War (and, indeed, beyond until the death of Stalin) the Cheka’s main weapon was terror to create a general climate of fear in a population.

In the book, the work of the Cheka and its successors against the enemies of the revolution is paralleled with British and American operations against the Soviets inside and outside of Russia. For the first time the creation of the Communist International (Comintern) is shown as an alternative Soviet espionage organization for wide-scale foreign propaganda and subversion operations based on the new revelations from the Soviet archives

Here, the early Soviet intelligence operations in several countries are presented and analyzed for the first time, as are raids on the Soviet missions abroad. The Bolshevik smuggling of the Russian imperial treasures is shown based on the latest available archival sources with misinterpretations and sometimes false interpretations in existing literature revised.

After the Bolshevik revolution, Mansfield Smith-Cumming, the first chief of SIS, undertook to set up ‘an entirely new Secret Service organization in Russia’. During those first ten years, events would develop as a non-stop struggle between British intelligence, within Russia and abroad, and the Cheka, later GPU/OGPU.

Before several show ‘spy trials’ in 1927, British intelligence networks successfully operated in Russia later moving to the Baltic capitals, Finland and Sweden while young Soviet intelligence officers moved to London, Paris, Berlin and Constantinople. Many of those operations, from both sides, are presented in the book for the first time in this ground-breaking study of the dark world of the KGB.

系列：新一届高尔基文学馆史

探索了俄罗斯革命之后形成的一支名为KGB的前身组织。

这本书在各个方面都是全新的，并不仅仅是因为没有任何一种官方的历史或者非官方的历史记录存在，也没有任何一种关于KGB及其前身和后继者的记录。在这本著作中，作者讨论了从沙皇时期的俄语奥赫拉宾（俄国第一个政治警察）到1923年至1934年的国家政治总局联合指挥部之一——GPU/KGB前身的KGB起源问题。基于来自俄罗斯档案馆的文件，作者清楚地证明了契卡和GPU/OGPU最初是为了保卫革命而创建，并非为了间谍活动。

奥赫拉宾组织在俄国帝国境内外都进行着活动，针对反叛者。该书中展示的一些操作并不为公众所知。从1917年12月契卡成立直到十年后特勒波夫被逐出共产党并流放，以及斯大林崛起这期间的俄国外交政策几乎可以忽略不计。在此期间，契卡的主要武器是恐怖主义来创造一种恐惧的氛围在民众中。

在这本书中，作者将契卡及其继任者对抗革命敌人的工作与英国和美国内部和外部对抗苏维埃政权的工作进行了对比。这是首次展示共产国际（Comintern）作为一个替代苏联间谍组织来开展大规模外国宣传和颠覆活动的记录。

在这里展示了几个国家早期的苏维埃情报工作以及它们是如何进行分析的，这也是第一次呈现这些袭击国外苏维埃机构的情况。作者根据最新的档案资料对布尔什维克运载俄国皇室珍宝进行了展示，并且在现有的文献中对一些误解和有时错误的理解进行了修改。

1927年之前的几次“谍报审判”之后，英国情报网络成功地运营于俄罗斯，随后转移到了波罗的海首都、芬兰和瑞典。同时年轻的苏联情报人员则移居至伦敦、巴黎、柏林及君士坦丁堡。在本书中，来自双方的一些操作是首次公开展示，在此开创性研究中展示了KGB黑暗世界。

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