《海洋：哥伦布之前的大西洋历史》

English | September 12th, 2024 | ISBN: 1801109907 | 560 pages | True EPUB | 28.15 MB

Ocean is an ambitious history of the pre-Columbian Atlantic Ocean, a story that begins with the formation of the mid-Atlantic ridge some 200 million years ago and ends with the Castilian conquest of the Canary Islands in the fifteenth century, which provided a template for the methods used by the Spanish in their colonisation of the New World.

John Haywood argues that the perception that Atlantic history begins with the first voyage of the celebrated Genoese navigator is a mistaken one, and that the seafaring and shipbuilding skills that enabled European global exploration and expansion did not arrive fully formed in the fifteenth century, but were learned over centuries and millennia in the Atlantic and its marginal seas. The pre-Columbian history of the Atlantic is the story of how Europeans learned to master the oceans. It is, therefore, key to understanding why it was Europeans, and not any of the world's other seafaring peoples, who 'discovered' the world.

Ocean is informed by the author's extensive travels in and around the Atlantic Ocean, crossing Newfoundland's Grand Banks, the Sea of Darkness and the weed-covered Sargasso Sea to make landfall at locations as diverse as Vinland, Greenland, the Faroes and the Cape Verde Islands. Populated by a heterogeneous and multi-ethnic cast of seafarers, fishermen, monks, merchants and dreamers, this is an in-depth history of a neglected subject, fusing geology, geography, mythology, cosmology, developing maritime technologies and the early history of exploration to narrate an enthralling and intriguing story that lies at the very heart of Europe's modern history and its relationship with the rest of the world. A history on a grand scale, Ocean offers the reader a feast of historical storytelling that will appeal to readers of David Abulafia, Simon Winchester and Michael Pye.

大西洋是一部前哥伦布时代的大西洋历史，故事始于约2亿年前中大西洋脊的形成，并一直延续到15世纪西班牙征服加那利群岛。这一过程为西班牙在新世界殖民扩张时所采用的方法提供了模板。

约翰·海伍德认为，将大西洋历史追溯至著名热那亚航海家第一次环球航行的时代是一种误解，且欧洲全球探索与扩张所需的海上技能和造船技术并非在15世纪完全成熟。而是经历了数百年甚至数千年的学习过程，在大西洋及其边缘海域中获得。

大西洋前哥伦布时代的历史是欧洲人学会驾驭海洋的故事。因此，它对于理解为何是欧洲而非世界其他任何航海民族“发现”了世界而言至关重要。

《大西洋》一书融合了地质学、地理学、神话学、宇宙观以及早期的海洋技术发展史，将开发中西伯利亚海和布满水藻的大西洋与诸海岛作为故事的发生地。书中的人物群像来自多元文化，包括航海者、渔民、修士、商人与梦想家。

这是一部关于被忽视主题的深入历史，将地质学、地理学、神话学、宇宙观以及早期探索史交织在一起，讲述了一个横跨欧洲现代史和其与其他世界的关系，在大西洋中心地带的重要故事。一部宏大的历史，《大西洋》为读者呈现了一场丰富的历史叙事盛宴，适合《大卫·阿布拉菲亚》、《西蒙·温彻斯特》及《迈克尔·佩伊》等书的读者。

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