第一次冷战：19世纪英俄关系（真/零售EPUB）

English | August 1st, 2024 | ISBN: 180526057X | 560 pages | True EPUB | 13.78 MB

Britain and Russia maintained a frosty civility for a few years after Napoleon's defeat in 1815. But, by the 1820s, their relations degenerated into constant acrimonious rivalry over Persia, the Ottoman Empire, Central Asia—the Great Game—and, towards the end of the century, East Asia.

The First Cold War presents for the first time the Russian perspective on this 'game', drawing on the archives of the Tsars' Imperial Ministry. Both world powers became convinced of the expansionist aims of the other, and considered these to be at their own expense. When one was successful, the other upped the ante, and so it went on. London and St Petersburg were at war only once, during the Crimean War. But Russophobia and Anglophobia became ingrained on each side, as these two great empires hovered on the brink of hostilities for nearly 100 years.

Not until Britain and Russia recognised that they had more to fear from Wilhelmine Germany did they largely set aside their rivalries in the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907, which also had major repercussions for the balance of power in Europe. Before that came a century of competition, diplomacy and tension, lucidly charted in this comprehensive new history.

英国和俄国在拿破仑战败后的1815年维持了一段时间的冷淡友好关系。但到19世纪20年代，他们之间的关系恶化为围绕波斯、奥斯曼帝国、中亚——大博弈——以及临近世纪末东亚的不断激烈的竞争。 《第一次冷战》首次展示了俄国对这场“游戏”的视角，这得益于沙皇时代的帝国部档案。双方都确信对方有扩张目标，并认为这些目标对自己构成威胁。当一方取得成功时，另一方便提高赌注，就这样周而复始。伦敦和圣彼得堡之间爆发战争只有一次，即克里米亚战争期间。但俄罗斯恐惧症和英国恐惧症在双方内心扎根，在两大帝国接近战争边缘近一个世纪的时间里一直存在。 直到英俄两国意识到威斯特伐利亚德国对他们构成更大的威胁时，它们才在1907年的英俄公约中很大程度上结束了各自的竞争。这项新历史还详细描述了这一百年间的竞争、外交和紧张局势。

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