基因调控与表观遗传学：科学是如何运作的

English | 2024 | ISBN: 978-3-031-68730-3 | 268 pages | PDF EPUB (True) | 109 MB

This book delves into the fascinating realm of eukaryotic gene regulation. The specific expression of genes shapes the phenotype of cells and tissues. The regulation of gene expression, including up- and downregulation, is a fundamental aspect of nearly all physiological processes, both in health and disease. These dynamic processes respond to various daily challenges, such as dietary changes and infections. Therefore, it is crucial for not only biologists and biochemists but also all students in biomedical disciplines to understand gene regulation concepts. This foundational knowledge will benefit them in their specialized fields. A comprehensive understanding of transcription factors and the mechanisms that alter their activity is a fundamental goal of modern life science research.

Epigenetics refers to the packaging and accessibility of the genome in each of the trillions of cells in our bodies. The prefix “epi” (meaning “upon,” “above,” or “beyond”) indicates that epigenetic processes do not alter the DNA sequence of our genome, adding a layer of information beyond that encoded in our genome. Genomic DNA is wrapped around complexes of histone proteins, helping it fit into a cell nucleus with a diameter of less than 10 μm. This protein-DNA complex is known as chromatin.

The content of this book is linked to the “Molecular Medicine and Genetics” course, which the author has lectured on in various forms since 2002 at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. This book is an updated version of the textbooks “Mechanisms of Gene Regulation” and “Human Epigenomics.” It is divided into 16 chapters. Following two introductory chapters, four chapters explore gene regulation from the perspective of transcription factors, while another four chapters focus on chromatin and non-coding RNA. Three chapters then discuss the impact of epigenetics from a health perspective, and the final three chapters address epigenetics from the perspective of diseases. A glossary in the appendix explains the major specialist terms.

这本书深入探讨了真核基因调控的奇妙领域。基因的具体表达塑造了细胞和组织的表型。基因表达的调控，包括上调和下调，是几乎所有的生理过程的基本方面，无论是健康还是疾病状态下。这些动态过程对各种日常挑战作出响应，比如饮食变化和感染。因此，对于不仅限于生物学家和生化学家，而且所有医学与生物科学领域的学生来说，理解基因调控的概念都至关重要。这种基础知识将对他们未来的专业领域提供益处。现代生命科学研究的核心目标之一是对转录因子及其活动改变的机制有全面的理解。 表观遗传学指的是我们身体里的数十亿个细胞中，染色体包装和可访问性的状态。前缀“epi”（意为“在上面”，“高于”或“超越”）表明表观遗传过程不会改变我们的基因序列，它增加了远超出我们在基因组中编码的信息的另一层信息。核苷酸DNA包裹在由组蛋白蛋白质组成的复合体周围，帮助它适应直径只有几微米的细胞核空间。这种蛋白质-DNA复合物被称为染色质。 这本书的内容与作者自2002年起在芬兰库奥皮亚大学以各种形式教授的“分子医学和遗传学”课程相关。该书是《基因调控机制》和《人类表观遗传学》教科书的更新版。本书分为16章，前两章为引言部分后，有四章从转录因子的角度探讨了基因调控，另外四章则专注于染色质和非编码RNA。然后，又有三章讨论了从健康角度来看的表观遗传学影响，最后三章以疾病的角度讨论了表观遗传学。附录中的词典解释了主要的专业术语。

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