提高生物气生产的办法
The concern about using organic waste as a renewable energy source is a critical worldwide issue. In this area, anaerobic digestion (AD) seems to be a promising solution because of the significant reduction of waste quantity and generation of valuable products such as biogas, regarded as being a good energy carrier and digestate with high nutritional potential for agriculture. The current trends in AD focus on improving the efficiency of the process to make this a cost-effective treatment. Depending on the source (agricultural, municipal, or industrial), organic waste varies considering both its composition and structure, and thus the bioaccessibility and biodegradability. Accordingly, materials rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and fats require different operational conditions to overcome technological problems and minimize the risk of disruption or failure of the anaerobic systems. Different strategies can be used to enhance biogas production, including waste pretreatment (physical, chemical, physico-chemical, biological, and combined), two-stage AD (temperaturephased AD and two-phase AD), anaerobic co-digestion (two-substrate and multi-substrate systems), and bioaugmentation (with natural strains or specialized consortia of microorganisms and genetically modified microorganisms or their consortia). Some of them enhance its accessibility and digestibility, while others improve nutritional balance, metabolic properties, and operational factors, facilitating synergistic effect of microorganisms. This book covers the current developments in the area of enhancing biogas production.
有机废物作为可再生能源来源的使用所引发的关注是一个全球性的重大问题。在这个领域，厌氧消化（AD）似乎是一种有前途的解决方案，因为它能显著减少废物的数量并产生有价值的产物，如生物气，被视为一种良好的能量载体和具有高营养价值的消化物，对农业具有潜在用途。当前AD的趋势侧重于改进工艺效率，以使其成为一种成本效益高的处理方法。根据来源（农业、市政或工业），有机废物因其组成和结构的不同而有所变化，因此其生物可访问性和生物降解性也不同。为此，富含碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪的材料需要采用不同的操作条件来解决技术问题并降低无氧系统中断或失败的风险。为了提高生物气产量，可以采取不同的策略，包括废物预处理（物理、化学、物理-化学、生物和综合）、两阶段AD（温度分段AD和两相AD）、厌氧共消化（两种底物和多底物系统）以及生物增强（天然菌株或专门的微生物共生体与经过基因改造的微生物及其共生体）。其中一些增强了其可访问性和消化性，而另一些则改善了营养平衡、代谢特性及操作因素，从而促进微生物之间的协同作用。本书涵盖了提高生物气产量领域的当前发展。
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