《性与行星：选择性繁殖如何改变地球》（基本生物伦理学）

English | May 28th, 2024 | ISBN: 0262547988 | 256 pages | True EPUB | 17.05 MB

What if human reproduction was always elective? A prominent bioethicist speculates about the possibilities—and the likely consequences.

What would the world be like if all pregnancy was intended, not unintended as it is nearly half the time now? Considerably better, Margaret Pabst Battin suggests in Sex and the Planet, a provocative thought experiment with far-reaching real-world implications. Many of the world’s most vexing and seemingly intractable issues begin with sex—when sperm meets egg, as Battin puts it—abortion, adolescent pregnancy, high-risk pregnancy, sexual violence, population growth and decline. Rethinking reproductive rights and exposing our many mistaken assumptions about sex, Sex and the Planet offers an optimistic picture of how we might solve these problems—by drastically curtailing unintended pregnancies using currently available methods.

How we see this picture—as recommendation, prediction, utopian fantasy, totalitarian plot, hypothetical conjecture, or realistic solution—depends to a great degree on which of thirteen problematic assumptions we maintain, assumptions Battin works to identify and challenge. Taking on sensitive topics like abortion and rape and religious issues around contraception, she shows how a fully informed, nonideological approach could defuse much of the friction such issues tend to generate. Also, in her attention to male contraception and the asymmetry of female and male reproductive control, she pulls in the 50 percent of the human race—those with Y chromosomes—largely left out of discussions of reproductive health. Sex and the Planet, finally, takes a global view, inviting us to consider a possible—even plausible—reproductive future.

如果人类的生育总是可以自由选择的会是怎样？一位著名的生物伦理学家想象了可能的结果及其潜在后果。 如果所有怀孕都是有意为之，而不是近一半的情况下是无意中的呢？Margaret Pabst Battin在《星球与性》一书中提出了一个激进的思想实验，并认为它在现实世界中具有深远的影响。世界的许多棘手问题和看似无法解决的问题都源于性行为——正如Battin所说，精子遇到卵子的时候。例如堕胎、青少年怀孕、高风险怀孕、性暴力、人口增长与减少。重新思考生殖权利并揭露我们对性的许多错误观念，《星球与性》描绘了一个乐观的图景，描述了我们如何通过大幅度减少意外怀孕使用目前可用的方法来解决这些问题。 如何看待这一画面——是作为推荐、预测、乌托邦幻想、极权主义阴谋论、假设猜想还是现实解决方案，很大程度上取决于我们维持了多少个问题重重的假设。Battin的工作正是要识别并挑战这13个潜在的问题假设之一。她探讨了一个完全知情而非意识形态的方法如何能化解这些问题往往产生的摩擦。此外，在她关注男性避孕药和女性与男性生殖控制之间的不平等时，她也考虑了几乎被排除在讨论生殖健康之外的50%的人类——拥有Y染色体的人群。最后，《星球与性》从全球视角出发，邀请我们想象一个可能甚至合理的未来生育前景。

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