人工智能在医疗健康领域的希望、炒作、承诺与风险

English | August 2nd, 2023 | ISBN: 0309705134 | 294 pages | True EPUB | 5.33 MB

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care offers unprecedented opportunities to improve patient and clinical team outcomes, reduce costs, and impact population health. While there have been a number of promising examples of AI applications in health care, it is imperative to proceed with caution or risk the potential of user disillusionment, another AI winter, or further exacerbation of existing health- and technology-driven disparities.

This Special Publication synthesizes current knowledge to offer a reference document for relevant health care stakeholders. It outlines the current and near-term AI solutions; highlights the challenges, limitations, and best practices for AI development, adoption, and maintenance; offers an overview of the legal and regulatory landscape for AI tools designed for health care application; prioritizes the need for equity, inclusion, and a human rights lens for this work; and outlines key considerations for moving forward.

AI is poised to make transformative and disruptive advances in health care, but it is prudent to balance the need for thoughtful, inclusive health care AI that plans for and actively manages and reduces potential unintended consequences, while not yielding to marketing hype and profit motives.

人工智能在医疗领域的出现为改善患者和临床团队的结局、降低成本以及影响公共卫生提供了前所未有的机会。尽管已经看到了一些健康医疗领域中AI应用的令人鼓舞的例子，但必须谨慎行事，否则可能会导致用户失望、另一次AI寒冬到来，或者加剧现有的健康和技术驱动的不平等现象。 这篇特刊汇集了当前的知识，以供相关医疗保健利益相关者参考。它概述了目前和短期内的AI解决方案；强调了开发、采用和维护AI面临的挑战、限制及最佳实践；简要介绍了为医疗用途设计的人工智能工具的法律与监管环境；优先考虑这项工作中实现公平性、包容性和人权视角的需求；以及提出了向前推进时需考虑的关键因素。 人工智能有望在医疗领域带来深远而颠覆性的进步，但明智的做法是平衡需要有思考和包容性的健康医疗AI，计划并积极管理和减少潜在的不可预见后果，并非屈服于营销噱头和利润动机。

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