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听觉处理中的时间精细结构：年龄和听力损失的影响

English | 2014 | ISBN-10: 9814579653 | 196 pages| Epub PDF (True) | 9 MB

The book is concerned with changes in the perception of sound that are associated with hearing loss and aging. Hearing loss affects about 7% of the population in developed countries, and the proportion is increasing as the average age of the population increases. The audiogram is the most widely used diagnostic tool in audiology clinics around the world. The audiogram involves measuring the threshold for detecting sounds of different frequencies. Sometimes the audiogram is the only diagnostic tool that is used. However, hearing problems are not completely characterized by the audiogram. Two individuals with similar audiograms may show very different abilities in the detection and discrimination of sounds at above-threshold levels. Also, a person may have hearing difficulties despite having an audiogram that is within the range conventionally considered as 'normal'. One factor that may influence the discrimination of sounds, especially the ability to understand speech in background sounds, is sensitivity to temporal fine structure (TFS).This monograph reviews the role played by TFS in masking, pitch perception, speech perception, and spatial hearing, and concludes that cues derived from TFS play an important role in all of these. Evidence is reviewed suggesting that cochlear hearing loss reduces the ability to use TFS cues. Also, the ability to use TFS declines with increasing age even when the audiogram remains normal. This provides a new dimension to the changes in hearing associated with aging, a topic that is currently of great interest in view of the increasing proportion of older people in the population.


这本书关注与听力损失和老化相关的听觉感知变化。发达国家约7%的人口存在听力问题，随着人口平均年龄的增大，这一比例也在逐渐增加。在全世界的耳科诊所中，纯音测听图是最常用的诊断工具。纯音测听图涉及测量检测不同频率声音的阈值。有时纯音测听图就是唯一使用的诊断工具。然而，听力问题并不完全由纯音测听图来描述。两个具有相似纯音测听图的人可能在超过阈值水平的声音检测和辨别能力上表现出极大的差异。即使纯音测听图仍在常规范围内的正常范围内，一个人仍然可能存在听力障碍。影响声音辨别能力的一个因素，尤其是在理解背景声中的语音方面的能力，是对时间精细结构（TFS）的敏感性。该综述文章回顾了TFS在掩盖、音高感知、言语感知和空间听觉中的作用，并得出结论，从TFS中获得的信息在这些领域都起着重要作用。还审查了证据表明，耳蜗听力损失会降低使用TFS信息的能力。此外，即使纯音测听图保持正常不变，随着年龄的增长，对TFS的使用能力也会下降。这为与老化相关的听觉变化提供了一个新的维度，在当前，这一话题因人口中老年人的比例增加而备受关注。
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