呼吸：结核病的制造与解构[Mobi]

English | 2017 | ISBN: 9386432889, 1472930339 | 211 pages | MOBI | 0.59 MB

Tuberculosis is an ancient disease, but it's not a disease of history. With more than a million victims every year – more than any other disease, including malaria – and antibiotic resistance now found in every country worldwide, tuberculosis is once again proving itself to be one of the smartest killers humanity has ever faced. But it's hardly surprising considering how long it's had to hone its skills. Forty-thousand years ago, our ancestors set off from the cradle of civilisation on their journey towards populating the planet. Tuberculosis hitched a lift and came with us, and it's been there ever since; waiting, watching, and learning. In The Robber of Youth, Kathryn Lougheed, a former TB research scientist, tells the story of how tuberculosis and humanity have grown up together, with each being shaped by the other in more ways than you could imagine. This relationship between man and microbe has spanned many millennia and has left its mark on both species. We can see evidence of its constant shadow in our genes; in the bones of the ancient dead; in art, music and literature. Tuberculosis has shaped societies - and it continues to do so today. The organism responsible for TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has had plenty of time to adapt to its chosen habitat – human lungs – and has learnt through natural selection to be an almost perfect pathogen. Using our own immune cells as a Trojan Horse to aid its spread, it's come up with clever ways to avoid being killed by antibiotics. But patience has been its biggest lesson - the bacterium can enter into a latent state when times are tough, only to come back to life when a host's immune system can no longer put up a fight. Today, more than one million people die of the disease every year and around one-third of the world's population are believed to be infected. That's more than two billion people. Throw in the compounding problems of drug resistance, the HIV epidemic and poverty, and it's clear that tuberculosis remains one of the most serious problems in world medicine.

The Robber of Youth follows the history of TB through the ages, from its time as an infection of hunter-gatherers to the first human villages, which set it up with everything it needed to become the monstrous disease it is today, through to the perils of industrialisation and urbanisation. It goes on to look at the latest research in fighting the disease, with stories of modern scientific research, interviews doctors on the frontline treating the disease, and the personal experiences of those affected by TB.

结核病是一种古老的疾病，但它不是历史遗留的疾病。每年有超过一百万受害者——比疟疾等其他任何疾病都多——而且全球各国现在已发现抗药性结核菌，结核病再次证明它是人类迄今面临的最聪明的杀手之一。然而，考虑到它已经拥有了这么多的时间来磨练自己的技能这一点并不令人惊讶。4000年前，我们的祖先离开文明发源地开始了他们向地球传播的旅程时，结核病就搭上了便车，并一直伴随着它们；在等待，在观察，在学习。在《少年窃贼》中，前结核病研究科学家Kathryn Lougheed讲述了结核病和人类是如何一起成长的故事，彼此塑造的方式远远超出了你的想象。这种人与微生物的关系跨越了数千年，并对这两种物种都留下了印记。我们在基因里看到了它的持续阴影；在古代死者的骨骼上；艺术、音乐和文学中。结核病塑造了社会——它现在仍在这样做。 引起结核病的细菌，分枝杆菌结核菌，有足够的时间来适应它选择的生活环境——人类的肺部，并通过自然选择学会了几乎完美的病原体。它利用我们自己的免疫细胞作为特洛伊木马帮助其传播，找到了避免被抗生素杀死的巧妙方法。但耐心一直是它的最大一课——细菌在艰苦时期可以进入潜伏状态，一旦宿主的免疫系统无法再抵抗时，就会重新复活。目前每年有超过一百万人死于此病，并且据估计全球三分之一的人口可能受到感染——这超过了两十亿人。再加上药物耐药性、艾滋病流行和贫困等叠加问题，结核病显然是世界医学面临的最严重的问题之一。 《少年窃贼》沿袭了结核病的历史，从其作为猎人采集者时期的一种传染病开始，一直到建立人类第一个村庄并为它成为今天可怕的疾病做好准备，再到工业革命和城市化带来的危险。接下来，它还关注了对抗这种疾病的最新研究的故事，包括现代科学研究、前线医生的采访以及受此影响的人们的个人经历。

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