心血管疾病发病机制中的环境因素

English | 2024 | ISBN-10: 3031628055 | 738 pages| Epub PDF (True) | 48 MB

Environmental conditions and processes are one of the major pillars on which the human well-being rests. It is the core responsibility of the society to preserve and enhance better conditions for the human well-being. Indeed, there are several evolving unmet needs in public health. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and a surge in the incidence of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CAD), chronic respiratory diseases, and metabolic diseases have been impediments to sustainable well-being. Many factors are critical in the global surge in the rate and incidence of cardiovascular diseases. These include the shift from acute to chronic conditions, the shift from single risk factor vs. multiple influences, aging population, global health disparities, exposure to lower harmful influences over a longer period, etc. However, the epigenetic factors due to unhealthy environment play a most significant role in the underlying pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, this has been ignored for a long time and realized lately to expand and disseminate knowledge to general population, expand research activities to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms, and develop better preventive and treatment strategies. The most significant environmental impoverishment in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases include different genetical, chemical, physical, and biological influences, but not limited to, socio-economic status and lack of nutrients, nutritional aspects including habits, diets and additives, inhaled and ingested pollutants, exhaust gas and gasoline products, tobacco smoke, water pollution, alcohol consumption, soil and mineral pollution, solvents, pesticides, microplastics, non-critical usage of drugs, climate change, extreme atmospheric conditions, extremes in noise and temperature, electromagnetic influences, microwaves and radiation, outdoor light pollution, mental stressors, lack of or over exercise, microbiota and microbiological agents like SARS CoV-2 virus, etc.

环境条件和过程是人类福祉的基础支柱之一。社会的核心责任就是保护并改善人类的福祉条件。确实，公共卫生领域中存在许多未被满足的新老需求。从新出现到重新浮现的传染性疾病以及非传染病尤其是心血管疾病（CAD）、慢性呼吸系统疾病和代谢性疾病的发生率激增，都是实现可持续福祉的重要障碍。 全球范围内心血管疾病发病率和患病率上升的主要因素有很多，包括病情从急性向慢性转变、风险因素单因素转向多因素影响、老龄化人口、全球卫生不平等、暴露于长期低水平有害物质等。然而，在心血管疾病的病理机制中，由于不良环境导致的表观遗传因素起着最重要作用。遗憾的是，这一现象长期以来被忽视，并且最近才开始扩大知识传播范围、扩展研究活动以探究细胞和分子层面的机制以及开发更好的预防性和治疗性策略。 在心血管疾病发生过程中最具破坏性的环境恶化包括基因、化学、物理和生物学等多方面的因素，但并非只有这些方面如社会经济地位低下和营养不足、饮食习惯及添加剂、吸入和摄入污染物、废气与汽油产品、烟草烟雾、水污染、饮酒、土壤和矿物质污染、溶剂、农药、微塑料、不适当的药物使用、气候变化、极端天气条件、噪音和温度的极端状况、电磁干扰、微波和辐射、户外光污染、精神压力因素、缺乏或过度锻炼、微生物及其类似SARS CoV-2病毒等。

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