由情感统治:热认知与冷战心理的终结
Governed by Affect offers a new history of psychology's contradictory and contested public life in the United States and beyond since World War II, with a special emphasis on a series of transformations which have occurred since the 1970s. For both policymakers and ordinary people, the discipline of psychology has come to furnish a seemingly inexhaustible array of tools and concepts for making individuals healthier, wealthier, and happier. At the heart of this psychologized neo-liberalism is the notion that attention or the will exists as a scarce resource in a distracted and tempting world. Breaking with the austere and deliberative rationality of Cold War cognitive science, the new psychology depicts individuals as beholden to their unbridled passions and wants. At the same time as this unprecedented cultural influence, psychologists' expertise came under greater scrutiny than ever before, with the discipline finding itself mired in a pair of moral and epistemological crises which threaten to overturn the field's self-image as an objective science and a helping profession.
The book traces a series of key transformations: a switch from psychology identifying as a social science to a health science; the greater engagement of psychological scientists in the realms of self-help and public policy; and the overshadowing of cognitive science by theories of affect. These three transformations--in psychology's political economy, in its public engagement, and in its theories of the self--constitute distinct but interconnected areas of analysis for constructing a new history of the psychological society. Such a perspective offers a critical genealogy of the stakes and public face of psychology at a time when the provision of mental health services and the use of behavioral interventions to improve both personal and social well-being are acute matters of concern.
《 Governed by Affect 》提供了一部从二战以来,尤其是自20世纪70年代起,美国及其他地方心理学公共生活中的矛盾和争论的新历史。这部著作尤为强调自从1970年代以来发生的一系列转变。对于既包括政策制定者也包括普通民众而言,心理学作为一个学科已经成了为个体提供健康、财富与幸福的似乎无穷无尽的工具和概念。这种被心理学化的资本主义新自由主义的核心是注意力或意志在充满诱惑且易分散的世界中是一种稀缺资源的概念。与其说冷战时期的认知科学严格而详尽,新的心理学将个体描绘成受其不受控制的热情和欲望束缚。与此同时,在专家的地位方面达到了前所未有的关注水平:心理学正在陷入一个道德和知识论危机之中,这个危机威胁要颠覆心理学作为一门客观的科学和社会福利专业的自我形象。 这部著作追溯了一系列关键的变化:从一种社会科学身份转向一种健康科学的身份;心理学家在自助和个人政策领域中的更大投入;以及认知科学被情绪理论所覆盖。这三种变化——在心理学的政治经济、公共接触和关于自我的理论中——构成了分析构建新心理学社会历史的独特的但又紧密联系的研究领域。这一视角提供了一部关键时刻的心理学的历史,当时提供精神健康服务和使用行为干预措施改善个人和社会福祉已经成为紧迫的问题。
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