cave泡和洞泡：信号传导及疾病机制中的作用

English | PDF (True) | 2012 | 199 Pages | ISBN : 1461412218 | 3.7 MB

Caveolae are 50-100 nm flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane that are primarily composed of cholesterol and sphingolipids. Using modern electron microscopy techniques, caveolae can be observed as omega-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane, fully-invaginated caveolae, grape-like clusters of interconnected caveolae (caveosome), or as transcellular channels as a consequence of the fusion of individual caveolae. The caveolin gene family consists of three distinct members, namely Cav-1, Cav-2 and Cav-3. Cav-1 and Cav-2 proteins are usually co-expressed and particularly abundant in epithelial, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells as well as adipocytes and fibroblasts. On the other hand, the Cav-3 protein appears to be muscle-specific and is therefore only expressed in smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscles. Caveolin proteins form high molecular weight homo- and/or hetero-oligomers and assume an unusual topology with both their N- and C-terminal domains facing the cytoplasm.

囊泡是质膜中呈 flask 形的 50-100 nm 向内凹陷结构，主要由胆固醇和鞘脂组成。借助现代电子显微镜技术，囊泡可以观察到呈 omega 形、完全向内凹陷的囊泡、葡萄串状聚集的相连囊泡（称作 caveosome）或作为个别囊泡融合的结果形成跨细胞通道。Caveolin 基因家族包含三个不同的成员：Cav-1、Cav-2 和 Cav-3。Cav-1 和 Cav-2 蛋白通常同时表达，特别是在上皮细胞、内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞以及脂肪细胞和成纤维细胞中尤为丰富。另一方面，Cav-3 蛋白似乎特异性地与肌肉相关，并且仅在平滑肌、骨骼肌和心肌中表达。Caveolin 蛋白会形成高分子量的同型或异型寡聚体，并呈现出一种不寻常的拓扑结构，其 N 端和 C 端域均朝向细胞质。

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