塔可キン紛 (注：可能是输入错误或特定领域的专有名词，因为“tachykinins”是神经肽的一种，与快速心律不相关)

English | PDF | 2004 | 573 Pages | ISBN : 3540206906 | 65.6 MB

More than 70 years have elapsed since U. S. von Euler and I. H. Gaddum dis­ covered an unidentified depressor substance in the brain and gut. The effects of the powdery extracts were marked as 'P' on the kymograph tracings, and the nondescript name of 'substance P' still carries the breath of this adventurous period. In the 1960s, substance P returned in another disguise, staging as a hypothalamic peptide that causes copious salivary secretion (see chapter by F. Lembeck and I. Donnerer). This time, though, the mysterious substance was tracked down by S. E. Leeman and her collaborators as an undecapeptide, after it had eluded its identification for some 40 years. Substance P turned out to be the mammalian counterpart of a family of peptides which had been extracted from amphibian and nonvertebrate species and which had been given the name 'tachykinins' by V. Erspamer. Soon novel members of this peptide family were discovered, and in mammals substance P was joined by neurokinin A and neu­ rokinin B. The presence of tachykinins in frog skin as well as in venoms and toxins of microbes and arachnids raises the possibility that these peptides re­ present an old system of biological weapons that have been transformed to a particular messenger system in mammals.

超过70年过去了，自U.S. von Euler和I.H. Gaddum在大脑和肠道中发现一种未识别的抑制性物质以来。粉末状提取物的效果被标记为“P”出现在Kymograph追踪图上，而这个充满冒险精神时期的神秘命名“substance P”仍然保留着它的气息。20世纪60年代，substance P以另一种伪装的形式回归了，它在垂体后叶肽的假说下登场，并导致大量唾液分泌（参见F. Lembeck和I. Donnerer一章）。这次，神秘物质被S.E. Leeman及其合作者追踪到，它是经过40年的寻找而最终确定为一个19个氨基酸组成的多肽。substance P实际上是Erspamer命名的类似家族肽类在哺乳动物中的同系物。很快这种肽类的新成员被发现，并且在哺乳动物中substance P与神经激肽A和神经激肽B一起加入了它们行列。在蛙皮肤中，以及微生物和蛛形纲动物毒素及毒液中发现了tachykinins的存在，这表明这些多肽可能代表了古老的生物武器系统，在进化过程中被改造成了哺乳动物中的特定通讯系统。

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