构建现代医学伦理

Robert Baker | 2024 | ISBN: 0262547376 | English | 360 pages | PDF | 2 MB

Series: Basic Bioethics

The little-known stories of the people responsible for what we know today as modern medical ethics.

In Making Modern Medical Ethics, Robert Baker tells the counter history of the birth of bioethics, bringing to the fore the stories of the dissenters and whistleblowers who challenged the establishment. Drawing on his earlier work on moral revolutions and the history of medical ethics, Baker traces the history of modern medical ethics and its bioethical turn to the moral insurrections incited by the many unsung dissenters and whistleblowers: African American civil rights leaders, Jewish Americans harboring Holocaust memories, feminists, women, and Anglo-American physicians and health care professionals who were veterans of the World Wars, the Cold War, and the Vietnam War.

The standard narrative for bioethics typically emphasizes the morally disruptive medical technologies of the latter part of the twentieth century, such as the dialysis machine, the electroencephalograph, and the ventilator, as they created the need to reconsider traditional notions of medical ethics. Baker, however, tells a fresh narrative, one that has historically been neglected (e.g., the story of the medical veterans who founded an international medical organization to rescue medicine and biomedical research from the scandal of Nazi medicine), and also reveals the penalties that moral change agents paid (e.g., the stubborn bureaucrat who was demoted for her insistence on requiring and enforcing research subjects' informed consent). Analyzing major statements of modern medical ethics from the 1946–1947 Nuremberg Doctors Trials and Nuremberg Code to A Patient's Bill of Rights, Making Modern Medical Ethics is a winning history of just how respect and autonomy for patients and research subjects came to be codified.

系列：基本生物伦理学 讲述那些人，他们负责今天所谓的现代医学伦理的诞生。 在《现代医学伦理学的创造》一书中，罗伯特·贝克讲述了反面历史，即现代伦理学的诞生，揭示了挑战体制的异议者和告密者的故事情节。他借鉴了自己的早期工作——道德革命史和医疗伦理史，追溯了现代医学伦理的发展及其转向生物伦理学的历史，这一转变是由许多默默无闻的异议者和告密者发起的：来自黑人公民权利领导人的反对意见、怀有纳粹记忆的美国犹太人、女权主义者、女性以及二战、冷战和越南战争老兵的英国美式医生和卫生专业人士所激发的道德起义。 通常，关于生物伦理学的标准叙事强调了二十世纪后期那些具有道德颠覆性的医疗技术，例如透析机、脑电图仪和呼吸机，它们促使人们重新考虑传统医学伦理观念。贝克却讲述了一个鲜为人知的新故事，并揭示了道德变革者所付出的代价（例如坚持要求并实施受试者的知情同意以被降职的顽固官僚）。他分析了1946-1947年纽伦堡医生审判和纽伦堡准则到《患者权利宣言》中的现代医学伦理学核心声明，揭示了对患者的尊重和自主权如何得以规范。

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