综合药物滥用和戒治法案四项项目的进展情况

English | 156 pages | National Academies Press (December 11, 2021) | 030926569X | EPUB | 14 Mb

Substance use disorder (SUD) and opioid use disorder are significant public health threats that affect millions of Americans each year. To help address overdose deaths and lack of access to treatment, the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA) was signed into law on July 22, 2016. CARA is extensive legislation intended to address many facets of the opioid epidemic, including prevention, treatment, recovery, law enforcement, criminal justice reform, and overdose reversal. It authorizes more than $181 million each year in new funding to fight the opioid epidemic and it requires the implementation of programs and services across the United States to address SUD and recovery.

Following the passage of CARA, the Departments of Education, Health and Human Services (HHS), and Labor, along with the 2018 Related Agencies Appropriations Act, included appropriations for a study of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) components in CARA, to be conducted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. In response to this charge, the National Academies formed an ad hoc committee to review outcomes achieved by four programs funded by SAMHSA through CARA: State Pilot Grant Program for Treatment for Pregnant and Postpartum Women (PPW-PLT), Building Communities of Recovery (BCOR), Improving Access to Overdose Treatment (OD Treatment Access), and First Responders (FR-CARA). The committee's review is designed to result in three reports over 5 years. This report, the second in the series, reviews reported outcomes and metrics to assess progress toward achieving program goals.

物质使用障碍（SUD）和阿片类药物使用障碍是严重影响数百万美国人的公共卫生威胁。为应对过量死亡和治疗可及性不足的问题，《全面阿片类成瘾与恢复法案》于2016年7月22日签署生效。该法案旨在解决阿片危机的多个方面，包括预防、治疗、康复、执法、司法改革以及药物逆转。它授权每年超过1.81亿美元的新资金来对抗阿片危机，并要求在全美范围内实施针对SUD和康复的各种计划和服务。 自《全面阿片类成瘾与恢复法案》通过后，《教育部》、《卫生与人类服务部》（HHS）以及《2018相关机构拨款法》将CARA中对SAMHSA组件的研究经费纳入其中，由美国科学院、工程院和医学院来进行。在这一指示下，美国科学院成立了一个临时委员会来审查通过CARA资助的四个SUD项目的成果：为怀孕和产后妇女提供治疗的州试点补助金计划（PPW-PLT）、建立恢复社区（BCOR）、提高阿片类药物过量治疗可及性（OD治疗访问）以及《第一响应人员》项目（FR-CARA）。该委员会的任务是撰写并提交五年的三份报告。本报告为系列报告中的第二份，评估了这些项目的成果和指标以衡量目标的实现进度。

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