disembodied Brains：理解人类动物神经 chimera 和人脑器官oids 的直觉

English | 240 pages | Oxford University Press (January 22, 2024) | 0197750702 | EPUB,PDF | 8 Mb

Recent new technologies have brought the realm of science fiction to reality. The development of human-animal neuro-chimeras, which are animals with some component of a human brain, plays into society's long-standing fascination with the crossover between humans and animals. In the same way, the development of human brain organoids-small parts of a human brain grown from harvested human cells-feeds our fear and fascination of disembodied brains. The general reaction to these technologies is shock or disgust.

This book closely examines the public's response to such new scientific advances: the questions they raise about the biological essence of personhood, the ethics of growing and mixing human-animal parts, and the fears of dystopian misuse that might arise from the development of such technologies. There is a general public belief in a foundational distinction between humans and animals, and the development of human-animal neuro-chimeras violates this belief and creates opposition to the technology itself, regardless of the intentions behind its development. There is a similar foundational belief that disembodied human parts, such as harvested cells used for the creation of human brain organoids, are not truly separated from the original donor and therefore a brain organoid grown in a dish retains some essence of the person from whom the cells originated. This likewise results in concern and resistance to such technology being used at all.

In Disembodied Brains, John H. Evans also examines general attitudes toward biotechnology overall that contribute to public views of neuro-chimeras and organoids, and concludes with a discussion of the best ways to set reasonable limits on these technologies, so that they might be used for advancement of medical science without empowering the dystopian abuse that people rightly fear.

最近的新技术让科幻世界变成了现实。人类与动物神经 chimera 的发展，即含有人类大脑成分的动物们，契合了人类长期以来对人类与动物之间的交叉点的兴趣。同样地，人类脑器官球——从采集的人体细胞中生长出的人类大脑的一部分小部分——满足了我们对脱离身体的大脑这一概念所引发的恐惧和兴趣。这些技术的一般反应是震惊或厌恶。 这本书仔细审视公众对这类新科学进步的反应：它们提出关于人性生物本质的问题，关于生长和混合人类与动物部分的伦理问题，以及由于发展出此类技术可能带来的反乌托邦滥用之担忧。公众普遍认为存在一个基础性的人与动物之间的区别，并且神经 chimera 的发展破坏了这一观念，并且无论其开发背后的意图是什么，都对技术本身产生了反对情绪。同样地，有一种基础性的信念，即人类身体部分，比如从用来创建人类脑器官球的采集细胞，即使被分离也不完全脱离原始捐赠者，并且在培养皿中生长的人类脑器官球保留了一定程度上来自原始捐赠者的本质。这也会引起对这种技术的所有运用所带来的担忧和抵制。 在《脱离身体的大脑》这本书里，约翰·H. 埃文斯也探讨了对总体生物技术的态度如何贡献到公众对于神经 chimera 和器官球的看法，并且总结出了在这些技术中设定合理界限的最佳方法，以确保它们能够被用于医学科学的进步而不会助长人们理应担心的反乌托邦滥用。

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