去中心化大脑：受损大脑的表型可塑性

English | 2024 | ISBN-10: 3031481046 | 258 pages| PDF (True) | 10 MB

The brain is the body’s most vulnerable organ due to the defined roles of neurons within circuits. Neurons are vastly outnumbered by microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, macrophages, cells of the blood brain barrier and invading immune cells. These cells display different grades of reactivities and interactions. They integrate their responses and not only change phenotypes but can also completely reprogram after damage to protect the neuronal complexity. The interactions of these satellite cells in the healthy brain are described as well as their roles in all major brain diseases. Special emphasis is put on immune system – brain interactions and regenerative and repair processes. The gliotic response is compared with the reactions to injuries of the skin and other organs. A final chapter addresses the definition of a cell type. It concludes that cell types can no longer be regarded as defined entities over the body’s lifetime but are prone to phenotype plasticity and even complete reprograming.

大脑是体内最脆弱的器官，因为神经元在回路中的定义角色导致了这一点。神经元在微glia、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞、巨噬细胞、血脑屏障细胞以及入侵免疫细胞中远远处于劣势。这些细胞表现出不同级别的反应和相互作用。它们不仅改变了表型，甚至可以在受损后完全重新编程来保护神经元的复杂性。本文描述了健康大脑中的卫星细胞之间的相互作用及其在所有主要脑疾病中的角色，并特别强调了免疫系统与大脑的相互作用以及再生和修复过程。文章还比较了胶质反应与皮肤和其他器官的损伤反应。最后一章讨论了细胞类型的定义问题，结论是细胞类型不再被认为是人体一生中都固定不变的实体，而是易于表型可塑性和甚至完全重新编程。

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