心理问题的维度：用基于科学且不那么带有污名化的分类体系取代诊断类别

English | ISBN: 019760790X | 2021 | 256 pages | PDF | 4 MB

A remarkable and extremely important ongoing positive revolution in how we think about psychological problems is rapidly reaching a tipping point. This book provides a manifesto for this revolution. An increasing number of psychologists and psychiatrists are proposing that we either radically change the next edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases or leave them behind entirely. The author argues for a view of psychological problems that is far less stigmatizing and better supported by the data but which will require large changes in thinking. First, there is no clear distinction between "normal" and "abnormal" psychological functioning. Psychological problems do not reflect rare and terrifying "illnesses" of the mind, but are problematic ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving that lie on continuous dimensions from minor to severe. Crucially, psychological problems are ordinary aspects of the human experience. They are ordinary in the sense of being commonplace-the great majority of us will experience distressing and disruptive psychological problems at some time during our lives-and are ordinary in arising through the same natural interplay of genetic and environmental influences as any other aspect of behavior. The dimensions of psychological problems are highly correlated and these correlations provide vital clues as that allow us to see a hierarchy of causes of psychological problems for the first time. These range from factors that influence the likelihood of exhibiting some kind of psychological problem, but not which kind, to highly specific causes.

一个关于如何思考心理问题的迅速接近临界点的革命性且极其重要的变革正在发生。这本书提供了一份宣言书来倡导这一变革。 越来越多的心理学家和精神科医生提议我们应该要么彻底改变下一次修订版的精神疾病诊断与统计手册，要么完全放弃它。作者主张一种对心理问题的看法是更加不带有贬义而且更有数据支持，但需要进行大量思维方式的调整。首先，没有清晰区分“正常”和“异常”的心理功能。心理问题是并不反映罕见且令人恐惧的精神领域中的“疾病”，而是人们思考、感受以及行为的方式存在问题，这些方式存在于从轻微到严重的连续维度上。至关重要的是，心理问题作为人类经历中的普通部分。它们是常见的一部分——大多数人一生中都会有某种程度的心理痛苦和破坏性事件的经历；而且它们是在与任何其他行为一样通过遗传和环境因素的相互作用而产生的。心理问题的维度存在高度相关性，这些相关性为我们第一次看到了心理问题的病因层次结构。这些范围从影响表现出某种形式的心理问题的可能性的因素，但不指定是什么类型的问题，到极其具体的原因。

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