瘟疫的智慧：二十年 pandemic 报道的经验教训

English | January 9th, 2024 | ISBN: 166800139X | 384 pages | True EPUB | 3.11 MB

Award-winning New York Times reporter Donald G. McNeil, Jr. reflects on twenty-five years of covering pandemics—how governments react to them, how the media covers them, how they are exploited, and what we can do to prepare for the next one.

For millions of Americans, Donald McNeil was a comforting voice when the COVID-19 pandemic broke out. He was a regular reporter on The New York Times's popular podcast The Daily and told listeners early on to prepare for the worst. He'd covered public health for twenty-five years and quickly realized that an obscure virus in Wuhan, China, was destined to grow into a global pandemic rivaling the 1918 Spanish flu. Because of his clear advice, a generation of Times readers knew the risk was real but that they might be spared by taking the right precautions. Because of his prescient work, The New York Times won the 2021 Pulitzer Gold Medal for Public Service.

The Wisdom of Plagues is his account of what he learned over a quarter-century of reporting in over sixty countries. Many science reporters understand the basics of diseases—how a virus works, for example, or what goes into making a vaccine. But very few understand the psychology of how small outbreaks turn into pandemics, why people refuse to believe they're at risk, or why they reject protective measures like quarantine or vaccines. The COVID-19 pandemic was the story McNeil had trained his whole life to cover. His expertise and breadth of sources let him make many accurate predictions in 2020 about the course that a deadly new virus would take and how different countries would respond.

By the time McNeil wrote his last New York Times stories, he had not lost his compassion—but he had grown far more stone-hearted about how governments should react. He had witnessed enough disasters and read enough history to realize that while every epidemic is different, failure was the one constant. Small case-clusters ballooned into catastrophe because weak leaders became mired in denial. Citizens refused to make even minor sacrifices for the common good. They were encouraged in that by money-hungry entrepreneurs and power-hungry populists. Science was ignored, obvious truths were denied, and the innocent too often died. In The Wisdom of Plagues, McNeil offers tough, prescriptive advice on what we can do to improve global health and be better prepared for the inevitable next pandemic.

获奖的纽约时报记者唐纳德·G·麦尼尔 Jr. 回顾了25年期间报道疫情的经历——如何政府应对这些疫情，媒体是如何报道的，它们又是如何被利用的，以及我们能做些什么来准备迎接下一次疫情。 对于数百万美国民众来说，当新冠病毒疫情期间爆发时，唐纳德·麦尼尔曾是他们的安慰之声。他经常在纽约时报流行的播客《Daily》中工作，并在早期告诉听众要做好最坏打算的准备。他在公共卫生方面已报道25年，并迅速意识到在中国武汉的那个不起眼的病毒最终会成长为一个与1918年西班牙流感类似的全球性疫情。由于他的清晰建议，一代Times读者知道风险是真实的，只要采取正确的预防措施就能幸免于难。因此，《纽约时报》在2021年的普利策奖新闻服务奖中获奖。 《瘟疫的智慧》是他长达25年的报道经历中的一个叙述。许多科学记者了解疾病的基本原理——例如病毒是如何工作的或如何制造疫苗，但几乎没有人理解小范围疫情升级为大流行的心理学原因，为什么人们拒绝相信自己处于风险之中，或者他们为什么要拒绝像隔离和接种疫苗等保护措施。新冠病毒疫情期间的故事是麦尼尔毕生想要报道的主题。他专业素养和广泛的信息来源让他在2020年准确地预测了许多致命新病毒将如何发展，并且不同国家会如何反应。 当麦尼尔回写最后一篇纽约时报文章时，他没有失去同情心，但他对政府应该如何应对已经变得更为无情。他已经目睹了足够的灾难并且阅读了大量的历史书籍，以认识到虽然每一种疫情都是独一无二的，但失败是永恒不变的现象。小规模病例集群最终演变为灾难是因为弱领导陷入否认。民众拒绝为了共同利益做出任何牺牲。他们被金钱贪婪的创业者和权力狂热的民粹主义者所鼓励。科学遭到忽视，显而易见的事实被否认，无辜的人们也经常死亡。在《瘟疫的智慧》中，麦尼尔提出了关于如何改善全球健康并更好地准备应对不可避免下一次疫情的严厉且具有指导性的建议。

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