选择性生育和新自由主义优生学在南非和印度的体现
Birth controlled analyses the world of selective reproduction – the politics of who gets to legitimately reproduce the future – through a cross-cultural analysis of three modes of ‘controlling’ birth: contraception, reproductive violence and repro-genetic technologies. It argues that as fertility rates decline worldwide, the fervour to control fertility, and fertile bodies, does not dissipate; what evolves is the preferred mode of control. Although new technologies like those that assist conception or allow genetic selection may appear to be an antithesis of other violent versions of population control, this book demonstrates that both are part of the same continuum. All population control policies target and vilify women (Black women in particular), and coerce them into subjecting their bodies to state and medical surveillance; Birth controlled argues that assisted reproductive technologies and repro-genetic technologies employ a similar and stratified burden of blame and responsibility based on gender, race, class and caste.
To empirically and historically ground the analysis, the book includes contributions from two postcolonial nations, South Africa and India, examining interactions between the history of colonialism and the economics of neoliberal markets and their influence on the technologies and politics of selective reproduction.
The book provides a critical, interdisciplinary and cutting-edge dialogue around the interconnected issues that shape reproductive politics in an ostensibly ‘post-population control’ era. The contributions draw on a breadth of disciplines ranging from gender studies, sociology, medical anthropology, politics and science and technology studies to theology, public health and epidemiology, facilitating an interdisciplinary dialogue around the interconnected modes of controlling birth and practices of neo-eugenics.
《控制生育》通过跨文化分析三种“控制”生育的方式:避孕、生殖暴力和生殖遗传技术,探讨了选择性繁殖的世界——即政治权力决定谁有权合法地繁殖未来。随着全球生育率下降,控制生育的激情并未消散;演变的是偏好控制方式。虽然如辅助受孕或允许进行基因选择等新技术似乎是对其他形式人口控制暴力的一种对立,但本书表明这两种控制都属于同一连续体的一部分。所有的人口控制政策均针对并污名化女性(尤其是非裔美国女性),迫使她们将身体置于国家和医疗监视之下;《控制生育》一书指出,辅助生殖技术与生殖遗传技术采用一种基于性别、种族、阶级和种姓的相似且分层的责任负担。 为了经验证据和历史地支撑分析,《书》中包括了两位前殖民国家——南非和印度的贡献,探讨了殖民史与 neoliberal 市场经济学如何影响选择性繁殖的技术与政治。 《书》提供了一个关于塑造着所谓的“后人口控制”时代的关联性生殖政治问题的批判性、跨学科和前沿对话。这些贡献来源于性别研究、社会学、医学人类学、政治学以及科技与科学研究等广泛领域的学科,促进了围绕控制生育方式和新优生学实践之间的关联性的跨学科对话。
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