病假条：英国福利国家的历史

Gareth Millward | 2022 | ISBN: 0192865749 | English | 244 pages | PDF | 7 MB

Sick Note is a history of how the British state asked, ‘who is really sick?’ Tracing medical certification for absence from work from 1948 to 2010, it shows that doctors, employers, employees, politicians, media commentators, and citizens each concerned themselves with measuring sickness. At various times, each understood that a signed note from a doctor was not enough to ‘prove’ whether someone was ‘really’ sick. Yet, with no better alternative on offer, the sick note survived in practice and in the popular imagination—just like the welfare state itself. Sick Note reveals the interplay between medical, employment, and social security policy. The physical note became an integral part of working and living in Britain, while the term ‘sick note’ was often deployed rhetorically as a mocking nickname or symbol of Britain’s economic and political troubles. Using government policy documents, popular media, internet archives, and contemporary research, this book covers the evolution of medical certification and the welfare state since the Second World War, demonstrating how sickness and disability policies responded to demographic and economic changes—though not always satisfactorily for administrators or claimants. Moreover, despite the creation of ‘the fit note’ in 2010, the idea of ‘the sick note’ has remained. With the specific challenges posed by the global pandemic in the early 2020s, Sick Note shows how the question of ‘who is really sick?’ has never been straightforward and will continue to perplex the British state.

《病假证明》是一部英国国家如何问“谁是真的生病了”的历史。从1948年到2010年，它展示了医生、雇主、员工、政治家、媒体评论员和公民各自关注对病假的测量。在不同的时候，他们都明白，医生签署的证明文件并不能完全“证明”某人是不是真的生病了。然而，在没有更好的选择时，《病假证明》在实践中和人们的想象中生存了下来——就像福利国家本身一样。《病假证明》揭示了医疗、就业和社会保障政策之间的互动关系。纸质的病假证明成为英国工作和生活的一部分，而“病假证明”一词经常被用来作为一种讽刺绰号或象征英国经济和政治困境的说法。通过使用政府政策文件、流行媒体、互联网档案以及当代研究，《这本书》涵盖了二战以来医疗认证和福利国家的发展演变，展示了疾病和残疾政策如何回应人口结构和经济变化——尽管并不总是对行政人员或申请者满意。此外，尽管在2010年创设了“健康证明”，关于“谁是真正生病的人”的想法仍然存在。随着20年代初全球大流行的特定挑战，《病假证明》展示了“谁是真正生病的人”这个问题从未简单明了，并且将继续使英国国家感到困惑。

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