疫苗政策：全球史

Christine Holmberg (et al.) | 2017 | ISBN: 1526110881 | English | 358 pages | PDF | 14 MB

In this book scholars from across the globe investigate changes in ‘society’ and ‘nation’ over time through the lens of immunisation. Such an analysis unmasks the idea of vaccination as a simple health technology and makes visible the social and political complexities in which vaccination programmes are embedded. The collection of essays gives a comparative overview of immunisation at different times in widely different parts of the world and under different types of political regime. Core themes in the chapters include immunisation as an element of state formation; citizens’ articulation of seeing (or not seeing) their needs incorporated into public health practice; allegations that development aid is inappropriately steering third-world health policies; and an ideological shift that treats vaccines as marketable and profitable commodities rather than as essential tools of public health. Throughout, the authors explore relationships among vaccination, vaccine-making, and the discourses and debates on citizenship and nationhood that have accompanied mass vaccination campaigns. The thoughtful investigations of vaccination in relation to state power, concepts of national identify (and sense of solidarity) and individual citizens’ sense of obligation to self and others are completed by an afterword by eminent historian of vaccination William Muraskin. Reflecting on the well-funded global initiatives which do not correspond to the needs of poor countries, Muraskin asserts that an elite fraternity of self-selected global health leaders has undermined the United Nations system of collective health policy determination by launching global disease eradication and immunisation programmes over the last twenty years.

这本书的学者们从免疫接种的角度，通过全球视角研究社会和国家随着时间的变化。这样的分析揭示了疫苗接种是一种简单的卫生技术的想法，并显现出其中的社会和政治复杂性。论文集合为世界不同时间、不同地区的免疫接种提供了一个比较概述，并在不同类型的政治体制下进行探讨。章节中的核心主题包括：将免疫接种作为国家形成的一部分；公民对于自己的需求是否被纳入公共卫生实践的理解；指责发展援助错误地引导了第三世界的卫生政策；以及一种意识形态转变，把疫苗视为可出售和有利可图的商品，而非公共卫生活动必不可少的工具。在整个过程中，作者们探索了关于疫苗、疫苗制造及其伴随大规模免疫接种运动而出现的公民身份与国家认同相关话语之间的关系。对国家权力、民族意识（及团结感）以及个体公民对自己和社会的责任感进行思考的研究，由知名疫苗史学家威廉·穆拉斯基在结尾部分完成。反映在全球资助的项目并不符合贫穷国家需求的情况上，穆斯克兰指出，最近二十年来全球疾病根除和免疫接种项目的发起，已使自选精英破坏了联合国集体卫生政策制定系统。

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