肌肉骨骼疾病与工作场所：腰背部和上肢部疾病

English | 510 pages | National Academies Press; 1st edition (June 24, 2001) | 0309072840 | PDF | 3.16 Mb

Every year workers' low-back, hand, and arm problems lead to time away from jobs and reduce the nation's economic productivity. The connection of these problems to workplace activities-from carrying boxes to lifting patients to pounding computer keyboards-is the subject of major disagreements among workers, employers, advocacy groups, and researchers.

Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. A multidisciplinary panel draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. The panel also offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of current information and for closing information gaps.

This book presents the latest information on the prevalence, incidence, and costs of musculoskeletal disorders and identifies factors that influence injury reporting. It reviews the broad scope of evidence: epidemiological studies of physical and psychosocial variables, basic biology, biomechanics, and physical and behavioral responses to stress. Given the magnitude of the problem-approximately 1 million people miss some work each year-and the current trends in workplace practices, this volume will be a must for advocates for workplace health, policy makers, employers, employees, medical professionals, engineers, lawyers, and labor officials.

每年，工人们的低背、手部和手臂问题导致他们缺勤工作岗位，并减缓了国家的经济生产力。这些问题与工作活动——从搬运箱子到抬病人再到敲击电脑键盘——之间的联系是工人、雇主、倡导团体和研究人员之间存在重大分歧的主题。 《肌肉骨骼疾病与工作场所》探讨了将肌肉骨骼疾病与工作场所联系起来的科学基础，考虑人、工作任务及工作环境。一个多学科小组根据当前信息对因果关系的可能性以及各种干预策略的有效性做出了结论。该小组还提出了基于现有信息可以采取哪些行动，并填补信息空白的建议。 这本书提供了最新信息，包括肌肉骨骼疾病的发生率、发生率和成本，并识别影响事故报告的因素。它审查了广泛的证据：物理和心理社会变量的流行病学研究、基本生物学、生物力学以及应对压力的身体和行为反应。鉴于这个问题的规模——每年约有100万人因某些工作而缺勤——以及当前的工作场所实践趋势，这本卷将对致力于工作场所健康的倡导者、政策制定者、雇主、员工、医疗专业人员、工程师、律师及劳工官员来说是必备书籍。

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