癌症健康不平等：从不平等的决定因素到实现公平的解决方案

English | 10 December 2023 | ISBN-10: 3031376374 | 214 pages| PDF (True) | 6 MB

Despite improvements in strategies for early detection and cancer treatment, racial and ethnic groups and individuals from other medically underserved populations continue to experience disparities in cancer morbidity and mortality. Research in cancer health disparities has evolved from first generation studies that described racial differences in morbidity and mortality to research that examines the efforts of interventions that focus on increasing access to early detection and treatment. As a result of these efforts, racial background, socioeconomic characteristics, access to high quality cancer care, and psychological and social factors have been documented as important determinants of cancer health disparities; these factors provide the context within which cancer is detected, treated, and prevented. The field of cancer health disparities is now at a critical juncture where it is essential to move beyond descriptive information on determinants of disparities in cancer morbidity and mortality to translational studies that examine basic biological processes and how these processes interact with social, psychological, and behavioral factors to contribute to disparities in cancer risk and outcomes. Empirical evidence about the influence of multilevel determinants has grown, and now, more than ever, efforts are being made to understand the independent and interactive effects of biological, psychological, behavioral, and social determinants of cancer health disparities and to translate this information into sustainable interventions for cancer prevention, control, and treatment. Provides an in-depth examination of emerging evidence about multilevel determinants of cancer health disparitiesDescribes novel frameworks and approaches that are being used to understand and address cancer health disparitiesPresents evidence-based interventions that have potential to achieve equity in cancer outcomesReviews the effects of previous and ongoing approaches to address disparities

尽管早期检测和癌症治疗策略有所改进，但种族和少数民族群体以及其他医疗资源不足的个人仍继续在癌症发病率和死亡率方面面临差异。关于癌症健康不平等的研究从第一代研究（描述了不同种族群体的发病率和死亡率差异）演变为研究旨在增加早期检测和治疗机会的干预措施。因此，种族背景、社会经济特征、获得高质量癌症护理的机会以及心理和社会因素被确定为癌症健康不平等等重要因素；这些因素构成了对癌症进行检测、治疗和预防的背景。 目前，关于癌症健康不平等的研究正处于一个关键节点上，需要超越描述性信息，研究基本生物学过程及其如何与社会、心理学和行为因素相互作用以导致癌症风险和结果的差异。关于多层决定因素的影响证据不断积累，现在比以往任何时候都更加致力于理解生物、心理、行为和社会决定因素对癌症健康不平等的独立和交互影响，并将这种信息转化为可持续的癌症预防、控制和治疗干预措施。 提供了关于多层决定因素的新兴证据的深入分析；描述了正在使用的新型框架和方法以了解和解决癌症健康不平等问题；介绍了具有潜在实现癌症结果公平性的基于证据的干预措施；以及回顾了为解决不平等等先前和正在进行的手段的影响。

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