从古希腊到后罗伊案的美国：监控怀孕的身体

English | October 31st, 2023 | ISBN: 1421447630 | 288 pages | True EPUB | 9.18 MB

Explores the historical roots of controversies over abortion, fetal personhood, miscarriage, and maternal mortality.

On June 24, 2022, the US Supreme Court overturned the Roe v. Wade decision, asserting that the Constitution did not confer the right to abortion. This ruling, in the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health case, was the culmination of a half-century of pro-life activism promoting the idea that fetuses are people and therefore entitled to the rights and protections that the Constitution guarantees. But it was also the product of a much longer history of archaic ideas about the relationship between pregnant people and the fetuses they carry.

In Policing Pregnant Bodies: From Ancient Greece to Post-Roe America, historian Kathleen M. Crowther discusses the deeply rooted medical and philosophical ideas that continue to reverberate in the politics of women's health and reproductive autonomy. From the idea that a detectable heartbeat is a sign of moral personhood to why infant and maternal mortality rates in the United States have risen as abortion restrictions have gained strength, this is a historically informed discussion of the politics of women's reproductive rights.

Crowther explains why pro-life concern for fetuses has led not just to laws restricting or banning abortion but also to delaying or denying treatment to women for miscarriages as well as police investigations of miscarriages. She details the failure to implement policies that would actually improve the quality of infant life, such as guaranteed access to medical care, healthy food, safe housing, and paid maternity leave. We must understand the historical roots of these archaic ideas in order to critically engage with the current legal and political debates involving fetal life.

探讨了关于堕胎、胎儿人格、流产和母丧命的政治争议的历史根源。 2022年6月24日，美国最高法院推翻了罗伊诉韦德案的判决，认为宪法并未赋予女性堕胎的权利。这一裁决是《多布斯诉杰克逊女性健康组织》案的一部分，标志着半个世纪以来反堕胎运动倡导胎儿是人且享有宪法保障的权利这一理念的 culmination。然而，这也反映了孕妇与所携带胎儿之间关系这一陈旧观念延续了更长的历史。 在《监视怀孕的身体：从古代希腊到后罗伊法案的美国》中，历史学家 Kathleen M. Crowther 讨论了至今仍在政治中回响的医学和哲学观点。从胎儿心跳可以作为道德人格存在的迹象，以及美国婴儿及母丧命率上升与堕胎限制强化之间关系这一角度来看，这是对妇女生育权利的政治讨论的一个有历史依据的论述。 Crowther 解释了为什么反堕胎人士对胎儿的关注不仅导致了堕胎限制或禁止法律的出台，还导致了推迟或拒绝为流产造成的损伤提供治疗以及对流产进行警方调查。她详细描述了未能实施实际改善婴儿生活质量的政策失败情况，例如保证医疗访问权、健康食品供应、安全住所和产假支付。我们必须了解这些陈旧观念的历史根源，以便批判性地参与与胎儿生命相关的当前法律和政治辩论。

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