《异域景观？解读混乱的心智》（EPUB）

Jonathan Glover | 2014 | ISBN: 0674368363 | English | 448 pages | ePUB | 4 MB

We have made huge progress in understanding the biology of mental illnesses, but comparatively little in interpreting them at the psychological level. The eminent philosopher Jonathan Glover believes that there is real hope of progress in the human interpretation of disordered minds.

The challenge is that the inner worlds of people with psychiatric disorders can seem strange, like alien landscapes, and this strangeness can deter attempts at understanding. Do people with disorders share enough psychology with other people to make interpretation possible? To explore this question, Glover tackles the hard cases—the inner worlds of hospitalized violent criminals, of people with delusions, and of those diagnosed with autism or schizophrenia. Their first-person accounts offer glimpses of inner worlds behind apparently bizarre psychiatric conditions and allow us to begin to learn the “language” used to express psychiatric disturbance. Art by psychiatric patients, or by such complex figures as van Gogh and William Blake, give insight when interpreted from Glover’s unique perspective. He also draws on dark chapters in psychiatry’s past to show the importance of not medicalizing behavior that merely transgresses social norms. And finally, Glover suggests values, especially those linked with agency and identity, to guide how the boundaries of psychiatry should be drawn.

Seamlessly blending philosophy, science, literature, and art, Alien Landscapes? is both a sustained defense of humanistic psychological interpretation and a compelling example of the rich and generous approach to mental life for which it argues.

我们在理解精神疾病的生物学方面取得了巨大进步，但在心理层面的解释上却相对较少。著名哲学家乔纳森·古德维尔认为，人类解析紊乱心灵的人类解读中存在真正希望的进步。 挑战在于，精神病患者的内心世界看起来很陌生，就像外星景观一样，这种陌生感可能会阻止理解的努力。精神疾病患者的心理与其他人共享到何种程度才能使解释变得可能？为了探讨这个问题，古德维尔研究了那些住院的暴力罪犯、有妄想症的人和被诊断为自闭症或精神分裂症的人的心灵内部世界。这些个人叙述让我们瞥见了看似离谱的精神病状况背后的心理世界，并允许我们开始学习表达精神病扰动的语言。“精神病学”艺术作品，包括精神病患者的创作以及像梵高和威廉·布莱克这样的复杂人物的艺术作品，在古德维尔的独特视角下提供了洞见。他还借鉴了精神病学历史中的黑暗章节来展示不将行为仅仅因违反社会规范而进行医学化的重要性。最后，古德维尔提出了价值尤其是与代理性和身份相关的价值观，以指导如何绘制精神病学的边界。 无缝地结合了哲学、科学、文学和艺术，《外星景观》既是人文心理学解释的持续辩护，也是它所支持的那种丰富且慷慨的精神生活方法的一个强有力的范例。

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