理解并预防跌倒：减少风险指南

English | 8 October 2023 | ISBN-10: 3031391543 | 171 pages| Epub PDF (True) | 94 MB

Despite the fact that elderly persons have a 33-35% chance of falling and becoming injured, most are ill-prepared. According to the World Health Organization, falls cause over 50% of accidental injuries and 39% of fatal injuries in the elderly. They are the fifth leading cause of death in the general population. Falls can be either non-mechanical, related to underlying illness or debilitation, or they can be mechanical, related to accidental trips and slips and caused by environmental factors such as poor lighting, surprise steps, lack of grab bars, and slippery bathroom floors. Non-mechanical falls can be related to cognitive disorders, such as stroke or dementia, or to frailty. They can also be related to over-medicating with sedatives, diabetic medications, or blood pressure therapy. Falls can be the consequence of aging or chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease, or cancer. Patients with any of these disorders may have poor muscle tone, walking disorders, or a loss of equilibrium. Mechanical falls may be completely avoided by fall-proofing the home environment. This book outlines several practical tips for eliminating potential home hazards and reviews each of the major causes of falls to help the patient and his or her caregiver, as well as the health provider, prevent falling by adapting one's lifestyle. The book also covers exercise programs and community programs that can be established and used to minimize the risk of falling in the elderly. Given that falls are common and that the majority of persons who fall are ill-prepared, this book will raise awareness of fall-prevention measures that can help reduce falls and fall-related injuries.

尽管老年人有33-35%的跌倒概率并可能受伤，大多数人却准备不足。根据世界卫生组织的数据，跌倒是老年人意外伤害和致死性伤害的主要原因，分别占50%和39%。跌倒在一般人群中位居第五。跌倒可以是非机械性的，与潜在的疾病或虚弱有关；也可以是机械性的，涉及意外摔倒和滑倒，并由环境因素如照明不良、突变的台阶、缺乏抓手以及浴室地板湿滑引起。非机械性跌倒是由于认知障碍（例如中风或痴呆）或虚弱引起的；也可能是因为过度使用安眠药、糖尿病药物或血压疗法。跌倒是衰老或慢性疾病，如心脏病、糖尿病、肾病或癌症的结果。患有这些疾病的患者可能会有肌肉无力、行走问题或失去平衡感。通过将家居环境防跌倒改造可以完全避免机械性跌倒的发生。本书概述了几种实用的技巧来消除潜在的家庭危险因素，并对各种类型的跌倒原因进行了详细审查，以帮助患者及其护理人员以及医疗保健提供者适应生活方式，从而防止跌倒。此外，该书还涵盖了可建立和使用的锻炼计划及社区项目，旨在降低老年人跌倒的风险。鉴于跌倒是常见且大多数跌倒的受害者准备不足，本书将提高对预防措施的认识，这些措施有助于减少跌倒及其相关伤害的发生率。

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