当论点融合时

Elise Newman | 2024 | ISBN: 0262549107 | English | 230 pages | True PDF | 1 MB

Series: Linguistic Inquiry Monographs

A novel theory of argument structure based on the order in which verbs and their arguments combine across a variety of languages and language families.

Merge is the structure-building operation in Chomsky's Minimalist Program. In When Arguments Merge, Elise Newman develops a new Merge-based theory of the syntax of argument structure, taking inspiration from wh- questions. She uncovers new connections between disparate empirical phenomena and provides a unified analysis of patterns across many languages and language families, from Mayan to Bantu to Indo-European languages (among others). The result is a syntactic theory with a small inventory of features and categories that can combine in a limited number of ways, capturing the range of argument configurations that we find cross-linguistically in both declarative and interrogative contexts.

Newman's novel approach to argument structure is based on the time at which different kinds of arguments merge and move in the verbal domain. Assuming that all kinds of Merge are driven by features, she proposes that subset relationships between elements bearing different sets of features can constrain the distribution of arguments in unexpected ways and that different feature bundles can predict unusual interactions between arguments in many contexts. The positions of arguments in different contexts have consequences for agreement alignment and case assignment, which are reflected in the Voice of the clause. Examining the order in which verbs and their arguments are combined, she explores the consequences of different orders of combination for the kinds of utterances observed across languages.

系列：语言学探询 monograph 基于各种语言和语系中动词及其论元结合的顺序，提出的一种新的论证结构理论。 在乔姆斯基的简约计划中，合并是构建语法结构的操作。《当论元合并时》，Elise Newman 发展了一种基于合并理论的新词汇语法论点，并借鉴了疑问句（wh- questions）。她揭示了不同现象之间的新联系，并提供了多种语言和语系间模式的统一分析，从玛雅语到班图语再到印欧语（等等）。 结果是一个具有少量特征和类别的语法理论，这些特征和类别可以以有限的方式组合，捕获我们在多种形式的语言中发现的各种论元配置情况。 Newman 对论证结构的新方法基于不同种类的论元在动词领域合并和移动的时间。假设所有的合并都受到特性驱动，她提出带有不同特性的元素之间子集关系可以以意想不到的方式限制论元的分布，并且不同的特征组能在许多情境中预测异常的论证互动。在不同的情境中，论元的位置对一致性标记和格赋值产生影响，在从句结构上有所反映。通过研究动词及其论元结合的顺序，她探索了各种组合顺序对不同语言中观察到的陈述语与疑问语之间产生的后果。

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