伊萨克·柏林斯基：他的思想阐释

English | May 26th, 2020 | ISBN: 0691157421 | 240 pages | EPUB | 0.47 MB

Isaiah Berlin (1909-1997) was the greatest intellectual historian of the twentieth century. But his work also made an original and important contribution to moral and political philosophy and to liberal theory.

In 1921, at the age of eleven, Isaiah Berlin arrived in England from Riga, Latvia. By the time he was thirty he was at the heart of British intellectual life. He has remained its commanding presence ever since, and few would dispute that he was one of Britain's greatest thinkers. His reputation extends worldwide—as a great conversationalist, intellectual historian, and man of letters. He has been called the century's most inspired reader.

Yet Berlin's contributions to thought—in particular to moral and political philosophy, and to liberal theory—are little understood, and surprisingly neglected by the academic world. In this book, they are shown to be animated by a single, powerful, subversive idea: value-pluralism which affirms the reality of a deep conflict between ultimate human values that reason cannot resolve. Though bracingly clear-headed, humane and realist, Berlin's value-pluralism runs against the dominant Western traditions, secular and religious, which avow an ultimate harmony of values. It supports a highly distinctive restatement of liberalism in Berlin's work—an agnostic liberalism, which is founded not on rational choice but on the radical choices we make when faced with intractable dilemmas. It is this new statement of liberalism, the central subject of John Gray's lively and lucid book, which gives the liberal intellectual tradition a new lease on life, a new source of life, and which comprises Berlin's central and enduring legacy.

In a new introduction, Gray argues that, in a world in which human freedom has spread more slowly than democracy, Berlin's account of liberty and basic decency is more instructive and useful than ever.

伊萨克·柏林格（1909-1997）是二十世纪最伟大的思想史家。但他的工作也对道德和政治哲学以及自由主义理论做出了原创性和重要的贡献。 1921年，时年十一岁的伊萨克·柏林格从拉脱维亚的里加来到英国。到他三十分岁的时候，他已经成为了英国知识分子生活的中心。此后，他一直是这一领域的主导力量，很少有人会否认他是英国最伟大的思想家之一。他的声誉遍及全球——以卓越的对话者、思想史家和文学家的身份受到尊敬。他曾被称作是本世纪最有灵感的读者。 然而柏林格对思考的贡献，在特别是道德与政治哲学以及自由主义理论方面，却很少为人所理解，并且在学术界也相对忽视了。在这本书中，它们被揭示为由一个单一而强大的颠覆性观念所推动——价值多元论：该观点承认人类终极价值观之间存在无法解决的深刻冲突这一现实。虽然柏林格的思想冷静但又充满人道主义和实证精神的价值多元论与主导西方传统——无论其是否宗教或世俗——宣扬着一种绝对和谐的价值观背道而驰。它支持了柏林在其著作中重新陈述的一种高度独特的自由主义形式——一种无神论的自由主义，这一理论不是建立在理性选择之上，而是建立在我们面对无法调和困境时所做出的激进抉择上。这本约翰·加雷生动且明快的书中对自由主义的新表述就是其核心主题，它给自由主义思想传统带来新的生命力、为生命提供了一个新来源，并包含了柏林的核心而持久的遗产。 在这一全新导言中，加雷认为，在一个民主远未像自由那样的范围得到发展的世界里，柏林关于自由和平等的基本道德原则如今比以往任何时候都更具有指导性和实用性。

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