意外之喜：科学中的偶然（麻省理工学院出版社）

English | September 3rd, 2024 | ISBN: 0262049155 | 216 pages | True EPUB | 0.33 MB

From the bestselling author of Imperfection, a theory of uncertainty as the very core of the scientific method—and the essence of its wonder.

How many times have we looked for something and found something else? A partner, a job, an object? The same thing often happens to scientists: they design an experiment and discover the unexpected, which usually turns out to be very important. This fascinating phenomenon is called serendipity, which takes its name from the mythical Serendip, a place from which, according to a Persian fable, three princes set off to explore the world, making chance discoveries along the way. In Serendipity, the award-winning author of Imperfection Telmo Pievani returns to weave a compelling story about the unexpected in science and its fascinating role in our understanding of the world.

Going far beyond the usual examples of penicillin, X-rays, the microwave oven, and Christopher Columbus, Pievani shows that the most surprising stories of serendipity in the history of science reveal profound aspects of the logic of scientific discovery. In this book, he presents for the first time: an archaeology of the idea; a taxonomy of serendipitous discoveries; an “ecology of serendipity” (the surrounding conditions and factors that can promote it); and lastly, a theory of serendipity (why it occurs so frequently in so many sciences). From Zadig to Sherlock Holmes, Pievani shows that such great discoveries are not just the product of luck. Instead, serendipity comes from a mix of cunning, curiosity, sagacity, imagination, and accidents caught on the fly. Serendipity illuminates how much we don’t know and how much we don’t even know we don’t know. Above all, Pievani reminds us that the human brain is of a piece with the world it is investigating—a world so much bigger than our knowledge—and it has also evolved within that world, adapting as it has to.

从畅销书《瑕疵》的作者那里，我们获得了一个不确定性作为科学方法核心理论以及它神奇本质的见解。 多少次我们在寻找某物时得到了另一样？一个伴侣、一份工作或是一件物品？科学家们经常遇到类似的情况：他们设计一个实验却意外发现了新事物，通常这些发现非常关键。这种有趣的现象被称为偶遇，这个名字源于神话中的塞伦狄匹亚，据说那是三个王子出发去探索世界的地方，在此过程中他们偶然做出了许多发现。在《偶遇》这本书中，作者Imperfection的获奖者Telmo Pievani重新编织了一则关于科学中的意外以及它在我们对世界理解中的迷人角色的故事。 Pievani不仅超越了通常的例子，如青霉素、X射线、微波炉和克里斯托弗·哥伦布，他展示了科学史上最令人惊讶的偶遇故事揭示了科学研究逻辑的深刻方面。在这本书中，他首次提出了：一个关于概念的考古学；一项偶遇发现分类法；“偶遇生态”（促进它的周围条件和因素）；以及最后，一项偶遇理论（为什么它在许多科学领域如此频繁地发生）。从《佐多吉》到《神秘之名》，Pievani展示了这些伟大发现不仅是由运气造就的。相反，偶然来自于聪明、好奇、机智、想象力以及随机事件的混合体。偶遇揭示了我们所不知道的事情和我们甚至都不知道自己并不知道的事情。最重要的是，Pievani提醒我们要记住人类大脑与它正在研究的世界是连为一体的——一个远远超出我们的知识范围的世界——并且也在这个过程中不断进化适应着。

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