数学物理的逻辑结构，第二版

English | PDF,EPUB | 1979 | 343 Pages | ISBN : 9027710597 | 36.80 MB

This book is about scientific theories of a particular kind - theories of mathematical physics. Examples of such theories are classical and relativis­ tic particle mechanics, classical electrodynamics, classical thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, hydrodynamics, and quantum mechanics. Roughly, these are theories in which a certain mathematical structure is employed to make statements about some fragment of the world. Most of the book is simply an elaboration of this rough characterization of theories of mathematical physics. It is argued that each theory of mathematical physics has associated with it a certain characteristic mathematical struc­ ture. This structure may be used in a variety of ways to make empirical claims about putative applications of the theory. Typically - though not necessarily - the way this structure is used in making such claims requires that certain elements in the structure play essentially different roles. Some playa "theoretical" role; others playa "non-theoretical" role. For example, in classical particle mechanics, mass and force playa theoretical role while position plays a non-theoretical role. Some attention is given to showing how this distinction can be drawn and describing precisely the way in which the theoretical and non-theoretical elements function in the claims of the theory. An attempt is made to say, rather precisely, what a theory of mathematical physics is and how you tell one such theory from anothe- what the identity conditions for these theories are.

这本书涉及一种特定类型的科学理论——数学物理理论。这类理论的例子包括经典和相对论粒子力学、经典电磁学、经典热力学、统计力学、流体力学以及量子力学。大致而言，这些理论中使用了一种数学结构来对世界的一个片段做出陈述。本书大体上就是对这种数学物理理论的大致描述。书中认为每一种数学物理理论都与其相应的某种特定的数学结构相关联。这个结构可以以多种方式用来做关于该理论潜在应用的经验性断言。通常而言——但并非总是如此——要使这些断言能够成立，结构中的某些元素必须发挥出基本不同的角色。有些元素担当“理论”角色；有些则担当“非理论”角色。例如，在经典粒子力学中，质量与力担当了理论角色而位置则担当了非理论角色。书中还对如何做出这样的区分以及理论中理论性和非理论性因素是如何在理论断言中起作用的进行了说明。尝试尽可能精确地定义数学物理理论是什么，并且如何能从一种数学物理理论中辨别出另一种、这些理论的标识条件究竟是什么。

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