地下水污染的数学建模

English | PDF | 1996 | 391 Pages | ISBN : 1475725604 | 27.2 MB

Groundwater is one of the most important resources in the world. In many areas, water supplies for industrial, domestic, and agricultural uses are de­ pendent on groundwater. As an "open" system, groundwater may exchange mass and energy with its neighboring systems (soil, air, and surface water) through adsorption, ion-exchange, infiltration, evaporation, inflow, outflow, and other exchange forms. Consequently, both the quantity and quality of groundwater may vary with environmental changes and human activities. Due to population growth, and industrial and agricultural development, more and more groundwater is extracted, especially in arid areas. If the groundwater management problem is not seriously considered, over­ extraction may lead to groundwater mining, salt water intrusion, and land subsidence. In fact, the quality of groundwater is gradually deteriorating throughout the world. The problem of groundwater pollution has appeared, not only in developed countries, but also in developing countries. Ground­ water pollution is a serious environmental problem that may damage human health, destroy the ecosystem, and cause water shortage.

地下水是世界上最重要的一种资源之一。在许多地区，工业、生活和农业用途的供水依赖于地下水。作为“开放”系统，地下水可以通过吸附、离子交换、渗入、蒸发等方式与邻近系统（土壤、空气和地表水）进行物质和能量交换。因此，地下水的数量和质量可能会随着环境变化和人类活动而发生变化。由于人口增长和工业农业的发展，越来越多的地下水被抽取，特别是在干旱地区。如果不认真考虑地下水管理问题，过度开采可能会导致地下水开发、咸水入侵以及土地沉降。事实上，世界各地的地下水质量正在逐渐恶化。地下水污染的问题不仅出现在发达国家中，也出现在发展中国家。地下水污染是一个严重的环境问题，可能损害人类健康，破坏生态系统，并导致水资源短缺。

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