电弧炉：减少能耗的方法

English | 2024 | ISBN: 9819740525 | 1282 Pages | PDF EPUB (True) | 167 MB

The Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) will become the largest producer of steel worldwide, replacing the conventional route through the blast furnace and BOF. In most developed countries the EAF process is already the main steelmaking reactor. This is due to many advantages, such as much lower emissions of CO₂, higher flexibility in furnace capacity and higher flexibility in the raw materials such as scrap, direct reduced iron (DRI) and pig iron. The EAF process has also experienced a larger level of automation that provides a higher productivity. However, the EAF process also has a large number of limitations in comparison with the BOF, for example; (1) use of an expensive type of energy (electric energy), (2) very poor stirring conditions which results in lower decarburization rates, (3) residual elements in steel scrap, (4) cost of scrap can be higher than iron ore, (5) dependance on DRI to produce higher quality steels, (6) higher heat losses, (7) lower metallic yield (slag leaves the furnace losing iron and heat). If the EAF process overcomes these limitations it will be able to fully overcome the BF-BOF route and become the dominant process for steelmaking in the 21st century.

电弧炉将成为全球钢铁生产的最大生产者，取代通过转炉和BOF的传统路径。在大多数发达国家，EAF过程已经成为主要的钢制造反应器。这归因于许多优点，例如二氧化碳排放量更低、炉容量更高的灵活性以及废钢、直接还原铁（DRI）和生铁等原材料的更高灵活性。与BOF相比，电弧炉过程也经历了更高级别的自动化，提供了更高的生产力。然而，电弧炉过程在与BOF相比时仍然存在许多局限性，例如：（1）使用一种昂贵类型的能源（电力），（2）非常差的搅拌条件导致脱碳率降低，（3）废钢中残留元素，（4）废钢的成本可能高于铁矿石，（5）依赖DRI来生产高质量的钢材，（6）更高的热量损失，（7）金属收率更低（炉渣离开炉子时会丢失铁和热）。如果电弧炉过程能够克服这些局限性，它将有能力完全取代BF-BOF路线，并在21世纪成为钢铁制造的主导工艺。

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